World Fantasy Award—Life Achievement

The World Fantasy Awards are given each year by the World Fantasy Convention for the best fantasy fiction and fantasy art published in English during the preceding calendar year. The awards have been described by sources such as The Guardian as a "prestigious fantasy prize",[1] and as one of the three most renowned speculative fiction awards, along with the Hugo and Nebula Awards (which cover both fantasy and science fiction).[2][3] The World Fantasy Award—Life Achievement is given each year to individuals for their overall career in fields related to fantasy. These have included, for example, authors, editors, and publishers. The specific nomination reasons are not given, and nominees are not required to have retired, though they can only win once. The Life Achievement category has been awarded annually since 1975.[4]

World Fantasy Award—Life Achievement
Awarded forOutstanding service to the fantasy field
Presented byWorld Fantasy Convention
First awarded1975
Most recent winnersMegan Lindholm, Howard Waldrop
Websiteworldfantasy.org/awards/

World Fantasy Award nominees are decided by attendees and judges at the annual World Fantasy Convention. A ballot is posted in June for attendees of the current and previous two conferences to determine two of the finalists, and a panel of five judges adds three or more nominees before voting on the overall winner of each category. Unlike the other World Fantasy Award categories, the nominees for the Life Achievement award are not announced; instead, the winner is announced along with the nominees in the other categories.[4][5] The panel of judges is typically made up of fantasy authors,[6] and is chosen each year by the World Fantasy Awards Administration, which has the power to break ties.[4] The final results are presented at the World Fantasy Convention at the end of October.[5] Through 2015, winners were presented with a statuette of H. P. Lovecraft; more recent winners receive a statuette of a tree.[7]

During the 48 nomination years, 77 people have been given the Life Achievement Award. Multiple winners have been awarded 25 times, typically two co-winners, though five were noted in 1984. Since 2000, it has become an unofficial tradition for two winners to be announced, often with one winner primarily an author and the other not.[8] While most winners have been authors and editors, five winners have been primarily artists of fantasy art and book covers, and four winners are best known for founding or running publishing houses that produce fantasy works.

Winners

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony. Items in the Work(s) column are items and companies that the winner created or worked at; they are meant to be representative of the winner's career in the field of fantasy to that point, but the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement is not given for any specific achievement, and no such achievements are listed by the World Fantasy Convention as reasons for the award. In many cases the winner is well known for their non-fantasy works, such as science fiction novels, which are not listed.

Winners and nominees
Year Winner(s) Work(s) Ref.
1975 Robert BlochPsycho, "That Hell-Bound Train" [9]
1976 Fritz Leiber"Gonna Roll the Bones", Ill Met in Lankhmar [10]
1977 Ray BradburyDandelion Wine, The Illustrated Man [11]
1978 Frank Belknap LongThe Hounds of Tindalos, The Horror from the Hills [12]
1979 Jorge Luis Borges"The Garden of Forking Paths", Ficciones [13]
1980 Manly Wade WellmanWorse Things Waiting, Who Fears the Devil? [14]
1981 C. L. MooreJirel of Joiry, Northwest of Earth [15]
1982 Italo CalvinoThe Baron in the Trees, The Castle of Crossed Destinies [16]
1983 Roald DahlJames and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory [17]
1984 L. Sprague de CampThe Goblin Tower, Land of Unreason [18]
Richard MathesonBid Time Return, I Am Legend [18]
E. Hoffmann Price"Through the Gates of the Silver Key", Far Lands, Other Days [18]
Jack VanceThe Dying Earth, Lyonesse Trilogy [18]
Donald Wandrei[Note 1]The Web of Easter Island, Strange Harvest [18]
1985 Theodore SturgeonWithout Sorcery, E Pluribus Unicorn [21]
1986 Avram DavidsonThe Phoenix and the Mirror, Vergil in Averno [22]
1987 Jack FinneyThe Body Snatchers, Marion's Wall [23]
1988 Everett F. BleilerEditing Guide to Supernatural Fiction, A Treasury of Victorian Ghost Stories [24]
1989 Evangeline WaltonThe Island of the Mighty, The Song of Rhiannon [25]
1990 R. A. LaffertySerpent's Egg, The Devil is Dead [26]
1991 Ray RussellThe Bishop's Daughter, The Devil's Mirror [27]
1992 Edd CartierArtwork for Unknown, Fantasy Press [28]
1993 Harlan EllisonDeathbird Stories, Mefisto in Onyx [29]
1994 Jack Williamson"Hocus Pocus Universe", Darker Than You Think [30]
1995 Ursula K. Le GuinA Wizard of Earthsea, Always Coming Home [31]
1996 Gene WolfeThe Book of the New Sun, Soldier of the Mist [32]
1997 Madeleine L'EngleA Wrinkle in Time, A Swiftly Tilting Planet [33]
1998 Edward L. FermanEditing The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, The Best from Fantasy and Science Fiction [34]
Andre NortonWitch World, The Halfblood Chronicles [34]
1999 Hugh B. CaveMurgunstrumm and Others, Death Stalks the Night [35]
2000 Marion Zimmer BradleyThe Mists of Avalon, Darkover [36]
Michael MoorcockElric of Melniboné, The Knight of Swords [36]
2001 Frank FrazettaArtwork such as Conan the Destroyer, Death Dealer [37]
Philip José FarmerHadon of Ancient Opar, Inside Outside [37]
2002 Forrest J AckermanEditing Famous Monsters of Filmland, work as a literary agent [38]
George H. ScithersEditing Weird Tales, Amra [38]
2003 Lloyd AlexanderThe Black Cauldron, The High King [39]
Donald M. GrantFounding/running Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Centaur Press [39]
2004 Stephen KingThe Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, It [40]
Gahan WilsonArtwork for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, The New Yorker [40]
2005 Tom DohertyFounder of Tor Books, publisher for Ace Books [41]
Carol EmshwillerThe Mount, The Start of the End of It All [41]
2006 John CrowleyLittle, Big, Great Work of Time [42]
Stephen FabianArtwork for Dungeons & Dragons, Ladies & Legends [42]
2007 Betty BallantineCo-founded Bantam Books, Ballantine Books [43]
Diana Wynne JonesHowl's Moving Castle, Charmed Life [43]
2008 Leo and Diane DillonArtwork for Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears, Ashanti to Zulu [44]
Patricia A. McKillipHarpist in the Wind, The Forgotten Beasts of Eld [44]
2009 Ellen AsherEditor of Science Fiction Book Club, New American Library [45]
Jane YolenOwl Moon, Lost Girls [45]
2010 Brian LumleyNecroscope, Blood Brothers [46]
Terry PratchettThe Colour of Magic, Mort [46]
Peter StraubGhost Story, The Talisman [46]
2011 Peter S. BeagleThe Last Unicorn, "Two Hearts" [47]
Angélica GorodischerKalpa Imperial, Opus dos [47]
2012 Alan GarnerThe Weirdstone of Brisingamen, "The Owl Service" [48]
George R. R. MartinA Song of Ice and Fire, Sandkings [48]
2013 Susan CooperThe Dark Is Rising, The Grey King [49]
Tanith LeeDeath's Master, The Birthgrave [49]
2014 Ellen DatlowEditing Omni, Year's Best Fantasy and Horror [50]
Chelsea Quinn YarbroThe Palace, Ariosto [50]
2015 Ramsey CampbellTo Wake the Dead, Alone with the Horrors [51]
Sheri S. TepperThe True Game, Beauty [51]
2016 David G. HartwellEditor of The New York Review of Science Fiction, Tor Books [52]
Andrzej SapkowskiThe Witcher Saga [52]
2017 Terry BrooksShannara series, Magic Kingdom of Landover series [53]
Marina WarnerResearch and non-fiction works on fairy tales and myths [53]
2018 Charles de LintNewford series [54]
Elizabeth WollheimPresident, co-Publisher, and co-Editor-in-Chief of DAW Books [54]
2019 Hayao MiyazakiCo-founder of Studio Ghibli, and animator, filmmaker, screenwriter, author, and manga artist of multiple works [55]
Jack ZipesAcademic and folklorist on fairy tales [55]
2020 Karen Joy FowlerWe Are All Completely Beside Ourselves, "Always", cofounded the Otherwise Award [56]
Rowena MorrillScience fiction and fantasy illustrations [56]
2021 Megan LindholmThe Farseer Trilogy, Wizard of the Pigeons [57]
Howard WaldropScience fiction and fantasy short stories [57]
2022 Samuel R. DelanyScience fiction and fantasy novels, criticism, and essays [58]
Terri WindlingYear's Best Fantasy and Horror and other anthologies [58]
2023 Peter CrowtherCo-founder of PS Publishing and editor of anthologies [59]
John DouglasScience fiction and fantasy editing [59]

Notes
  1. Donald Wandrei refused to accept the 1984 Life Achievement award, as he felt the award bust was a demeaning caricature of Lovecraft, whom he had known personally.[19][20]

References
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