Xanthoferrin

Xanthoferrin is an α-hydroxycarboxylate-type of siderophore produced by xanthomonads. Xanthomonas spp. secrete xanthoferrin to chelate iron under low-iron conditions.[1][2][3] The xanthoferrin siderophore mediated iron uptake supports bacterial growth under iron-restricted environment.[4]

Origin

The xanthoferrin term was coined first time for the unique siderophore produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004, a member of Xanthomonas group of plant pathogens.[5][6]

Xanthoferrin producing organisms

The xanthoferrin siderophores are reportedly produced by Xanthomonas campestris pathovars, Xanthomonas orayzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas citri pathovars, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola.[7][8] However, the xanthoferrin synthesis genes are conserved throughout the members of Xanthomonas group of plant pathogens and several other bacteria like Vibrio spp. but the xanthoferrin or similar siderophores productions in many of them are yet to be investigated.[9] [10]

Role of xanthoferrin in virulence

The role of xanthoferrin in virulence varies among different Xanthomonas spp. Xanthoferrin mediated iron uptake contributes to the optimum virulence of Xanthomonas oryzicola and Xanthomonas campestris on their respective hosts but does not play any role in the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae.[11][12][13]

References
  1. Guerra, G.S., Balan, A. Genetic and structural determinants on iron assimilation pathways in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas sp.. Braz J Microbiol 51, 1219–1231 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-019-00207-x
  2. Helfrich, Eric J. N.; Vogel, Christine M.; Ueoka, Reiko; Schäfer, Martin; Ryffel, Florian; Müller, Daniel B.; Probst, Silke; Kreuzer, Markus; Piel, Jörn; Vorholt, Julia A. (August 2018). "Bipartite interactions, antibiotic production and biosynthetic potential of the Arabidopsis leaf microbiome". Nature Microbiology. 3 (8): 909–919. doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0200-0. PMC 7115891. PMID 30038309.
  3. Verma, Raj Kumar; Biswas, Anindya; Kakkar, Akanksha; Lomada, Santosh Kumar; Pradhan, Binod Bihari; Chatterjee, Subhadeep (September 2020). "A Bacteriophytochrome Mediates Interplay between Light Sensing and the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP to Control Social Behavior and Virulence". Cell Reports. 32 (13): 108202. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108202. PMID 32997993.
  4. Pandey SS, Chatterjee S. Insights into the cell-cell signaling and iron homeostasis in Xanthomonas virulence and lifestyle. Phytopathology. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0513-RVW. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34289715.
  5. Pandey SS, Patnana PK, Rai R, Chatterjee S. Xanthoferrin, the α-hydroxy carboxylate type siderophore of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is required for optimum virulence and growth inside cabbage. Mol Plant Pathol. 2016; pmid:27348422
  6. Pandey SS, Chatterjee S. Insights into the cell-cell signaling and iron homeostasis in Xanthomonas virulence and lifestyle. Phytopathology. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0513-RVW. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34289715.
  7. Yi Liu, Danyu Kong, Hui-Lan Wu, Hong-Qing Ling, Iron in plant–pathogen interactions. (2021) Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 72, Issue 6, 17 March 2021, Pages 2114–2124, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa516
  8. Verma RK, Biswas A, Kakkar A, Lomada SK, Pradhan BB, Chatterjee S. A Bacteriophytochrome Mediates Interplay between Light Sensing and the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP to Control Social Behavior and Virulence. Cell Rep. 2020 Sep 29;32(13):108202. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108202. PMID: 32997993.
  9. Tracanna, Vittorio; Ossowicki, Adam; Petrus, Marloes L. C.; Overduin, Sam; Terlouw, Barbara R.; Lund, George; Robinson, Serina L.; Warris, Sven; Schijlen, Elio G. W. M.; Van Wezel, Gilles P.; Raaijmakers, Jos M.; Garbeva, Paolina; Medema, Marnix H. (2021). "Dissecting Disease-Suppressive Rhizosphere Microbiomes by Functional Amplicon Sequencing and 10× Metagenomics". mSystems. 6 (3): e0111620. doi:10.1128/mSystems.01116-20. PMC 8269251. PMID 34100635.
  10. Tamsyn Stanborough, Narelle Fegan, Shane M Powell, Mark Tamplin, P Scott Chandry. (2018) Vibrioferrin production by the food spoilage bacterium Pseudomonas fragi, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 365, Issue 6, fnx279, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnx279
  11. Pandey SS, Chatterjee S. Insights into the cell-cell signaling and iron homeostasis in Xanthomonas virulence and lifestyle. Phytopathology. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0513-RVW. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34289715.
  12. Chatterjee, S; Sonti, RV (May 2002). "rpfF mutants of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are deficient for virulence and growth under low iron conditions". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 15 (5): 463–71. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.5.463. PMID 12036277.
  13. Pandey, A; Sonti, RV (June 2010). "Role of the FeoB protein and siderophore in promoting virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on rice". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (12): 3187–3203. doi:10.1128/JB.01558-09. PMC 2901680. PMID 20382771.
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