Xeromphalina campanella

Xeromphalina campanella is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the golden trumpet and the bell Omphalina. The genus name Xeromphalina means "little dry navel" and campanella means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the pileus, or cap.[2] The mushroom is also called fuzzy-foot.[3]

A cluster of X. campanella

Xeromphalina campanella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Marasmiaceae
Genus:
Xeromphalina
Species:
X. campanella
Binomial name
Xeromphalina campanella

Description

The fruit body of X. campanella has a small umbrella-shaped cap, about .5–2 cm wide.[4] The thin brown stalk is 1–5 cm long and 1–3 mm wide, yellow at the apex, reddish brown below, with brown or yellow hairs at the base.[4][5] The gills are pale yellow to pale orange.[4] The spore print is pale buff.[5] When the species is young, their caps are bell-shaped. As they mature, the outer part of the cap expands and rises which leaves the center depressed, resembling a navel.[6]

Edibility

Although the species is not poisonous,[2] the mushrooms are small and bitter tasting with no value as edibles.[6][7] David Arora suggests that the mushroom is a small morsel that is hardly worth eating.[8] Despite many authors calling the mushroom inedible, author Bill Russell knows people that eat the mushroom frequently.[9]

Habitat

The fruiting occurs in clumps or very dense clusters on decaying logs, stumps, and woody debris of coniferous trees. The species is commonly found in North America.[5] At times, the species almost entirely covers old tree stumps.[2] The species can be found in any wet season of the year.[6]

Similar species
Xeromphalina campanella
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex or depressed
Hymenium is decurrent
Stipe is bare
Spore print is white
Ecology is saprotrophic
Edibility is unknown or inedible

Xeromphalina campanelloides is distinguishable via microscopic features.[10] Xeromphalina kauffmanii resembles the species, but has a more yellow cap[10] and grows on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees.[2] Xeromphalina brunneola also resembles the species, but has smaller, narrowly elliptical spores, and differs in odor, taste, and cap color.[11] Xeromphalina cauticinalis, X. cornui, and X. fulvipes are also similar.[10]

References
  1. "Xeromphalina campanella". Mycobank. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  2. C. Roody, William (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. University Press of Kentucky. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-8131-9039-6.
  3. G. Cassidy, Frediric (1991). Dictionary of American Regional English: D - H, Volume 2. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-20511-6.
  4. Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
  5. McKnight, Kent H.; McKnight, Vera B. (1998) [1987]. A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 196, 270. ISBN 978-0395910900.
  6. Metzler, Susan and Van (1992). Texas mushrooms: a field guide. University of Texas Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-292-75125-5.
  7. Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  8. Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ten Speed Press. pp. 634. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5. Clavariadelphus truncatus.
  9. Russel, Bill (2006). Field guide to wild mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. Penn State Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0.
  10. Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  11. Bessette, Alan (1995). Mushrooms of North America in color. Syracuse University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8156-0323-8.
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