FanFiction.Net

FanFiction.Net (often abbreviated as FF.net or FFN) is an automated fan fiction archive site. It was first launched in 1998 by Los Angeles computer programmer Xing Li,[1] and currently has over 12 million registered users.[2]

FanFiction.Net
Screenshot
Screenshot of homepage on January 18, 2016
Type of site
Fan fiction archive
OwnerXing Li
Created byXing Li
RevenueN/A
URLwww.fanfiction.net
RegistrationOptional
LaunchedOctober 15, 1998 (1998-10-15)

The site is split into main categories: Anime/Manga, Books, Cartoons, Games, Comics, Movies, Plays/Musicals, TV shows, Crossover, and Miscellaneous. Users who complete the free registration process can submit their fan fiction, maintain a user profile, review other stories, apply for a beta reader position, contact each other via private messages, and maintain a list of favorite stories and authors. There are centralized communities and forums. In lieu of signing up with a new account, the website allows users to use their Google, Facebook, or Twitter accounts. The site also owns a Twitter account called FictionPress where users of the website are updated on changes and improvements made.

Creation

In 1998, Xing Li, a software designer, created FanFiction.Net.[3] The site was created as a repository for fan-created stories that revolved around characters from popular literature, television, comics, or real-world celebrities. Unlike other fan fiction sites, FanFiction.Net allowed stories about any characters rather than revolving around a specific set of characters. Registration was open to all people who claimed to be over 18, and by 2002 over 118,000 people were registered. (The age limit has since been moved down to 13.) At that time, one-third of the registrants self-identified as 18 or younger, and 80% were female.[4]

Site content

As of August 27, 2022, FanFiction.Net has had a total of just over 14 million stories published. The stories published to the site can be about new and old existing works. By 2001, almost 100,000 stories were posted on the website. Steven Savage, a programmer who operated a column on FanFiction.Net, described it as "the adult version of when kids play at being TV characters" and that the content posted on the website serves as examples for "when people really care about something". A. S. Berman of USA Today said in 2001 that FanFiction.Net "reads like the 21st century successor to the poetry slams of the Beat Generation".[3]

Story publishing

FanFiction.Net has nine categories for the various fandoms/sub-categories on the site: Anime/Manga, Books, Cartoons, Comics, Games, Miscellaneous, Movies, Plays/Musicals, and TV shows. Stories on the site can be published as either "Fanfiction" with only one assigned sub-category, or as a "Crossover" with only two sub-categories. Excluding crossovers, the top fandoms on the site are Harry Potter,[5] Naruto,[6] and Twilight.[5]

Writers may upload their stories to the site and must assign them a sub-category, language, and content rating. FanFiction.Net uses the content rating system from FictionRatings.com. This system contains the ratings of K, K+, T, M and MA. The MA rating and explicit violent and/or sexual themes are forbidden.[7] The ratings are no longer done on the MPAA system, due to cease-and-desist demands from the Motion Picture Association of America in 2005.[8] A list of explanations for the rating system currently employed is available from the drop-down rating menu in each of the individual archives on the site.[9] The MA (18+) rating is not permitted on this site.[10] A short K-rated summary is also required for a story to be published. While not required, the website recommends authors upload a cover image to their story.

Reader feedback

Readers can interact with the FanFiction.Net content in various ways. If the reader likes a story and/or its author, they can favorite both the story and its author.[11] Favorites are similar to likes, hearts or Archive of Our Own's kudos. Favorite stories and authors are displayed on a user's public profile page at the very bottom. A reader can also follow a story and/or its author. When a reader follows a story, they receive email notifications whenever that story is updated. When a reader follows an author, they receive email updates whenever the author updates any of their stories or publishes a new one.[11] Readers can also leave reviews after reading stories, most of which were positive as of 2001.[3] While reviews can be left by those without accounts, it is an option for all writers on the site to moderate "anonymous reviews", made by those who are not signed into an account. Reviews left by signed-in users cannot be moderated or disabled. FanFiction.Net does not operate a screening or editorial board.[4]

As of October 8, 2022, the top 20 fandoms (i.e., the fandoms with the most stories submitted) on FanFiction.Net are (the figures are rounded to nearest thousand):

Rank Fandom Category No. of stories
1 Harry Potter Books 842K
2 Naruto Anime/Manga 438K
3 Twilight Books 221K
4 Supernatural TV shows 126K
5 Inuyasha Anime/Manga 120K
6 Hetalia: Axis Powers Anime/Manga 118K
7 Glee TV shows 107K
8 Pokémon Games 102K
9 Bleach Anime/Manga 85.3K
10 Percy Jackson and the Olympians Books 79.9K
11 Doctor Who TV shows 76.4K
12 Kingdom Hearts Games 74.3K
13 FairyTail Anime/Manga 68.5K
14 Yu-Gi-Oh! Anime/Manga 68.4K
15 Sherlock TV shows 59.8K
16 Star Wars Movies 58.5K
17 Lord of the Rings Books 58.1K
18 Dragon Ball Z Anime/Manga 54K
19 Once Upon a Time TV shows 53.2K
20 Avengers Movies 51.8K

The top fandom for each category on the site are:

Category Fandom No. of stories
Books Harry Potter 842K
Anime/Manga Naruto 437K
TV shows Supernatural 126K
Games Pokémon 102K
Movies Star Wars 58.5K
Plays Screenplays 47.6K
Cartoons Avatar: The Last Airbender 45.7K
Misc. Wrestling 43.8K
Comics Batman 19.8K

Long fan fiction works

FanFiction.Net also hosts one of the longest works of fiction ever written. The Subspace Emissary's Worlds Conquest, a Super Smash Bros. fan fiction written by FanFiction.Net user AuraChannelerChris, gained media attention for its length of over four million words at the time of notice, more than three times as long as In Search of Lost Time written by Marcel Proust, and is still being written.[12][13] The longest fan fiction on the site is The Loud House: Revamped, an ongoing crossover fan fiction of The Loud House which has been over 16,750,000 words long since around 2020. However, the exact current word count of The Loud House: Revamped is unknown as it surpassed the word count limit of the site of 16,777,215 words.

Disallowed fan fiction

FanFiction.Net instituted several policy changes as it grew in size and popularity.[14] These policies frequently led to the deletion of fan fiction based on the copyrighted works of certain published authors or containing specifically targeted content.

Since the site's founding, several professional authors and producers have asked that stories based on their copyrighted or trademarked works be removed, including Anne Rice, P. N. Elrod, Archie Comics, Dennis L. McKiernan, Irene Radford, J.R. Ward, Laurell K. Hamilton, Nora Roberts/J.D. Robb, Raymond Feist, Robin Hobb, Robin McKinley, and Terry Goodkind.[15]

In addition, stories based on real-life celebrities were disallowed around 2003. Fan fiction based on professional wrestling, however, is still allowed, being the number one fandom in the "Miscellaneous" category.[15]

NC-17 ratings

On September 12, 2002, FanFiction.Net banned and removed material that was rated NC-17. Prior to the new policy, the site would use a pop-up to prompt readers to say whether they were over 17 or not, but since then, the site has relied on its users to report stories that are inappropriately rated. Some NC-17 material was moved to Adult-FanFiction.org (previously AdultFanFiction.Net), a similar site which was created to serve the adults who write R and NC-17 rated fan fiction.

Story titles and summaries must be rated K.[15]

CYOA (choose-your-own-adventure) or reader-insertion fiction

Choose-your-own-adventure and reader-insertion fanfiction have both been banned since 2005, and the site removed all material that had the potential of inserting the reader into a fanfiction. Under the heading of "Entries not allowed", item #5 says: "Any form of interactive entry: choose your adventure, second person/you based, Q&As, etc."[15]

Songfics

In 2005, FanFiction.Net banned songfics which contain copyrighted lyrics. Public domain lyrics (such as those to "Amazing Grace") or lyrics written by the author of the fan fiction are allowed.

Lists

Until April 21, 2002, in addition to fiction stories based on existing characters, the site had a section devoted to lists, generally humor-related, for example "20 Ways to Dump Your Girlfriend".

Globalization

At first, FanFiction.Net's server was accessible mainly only in the West; and worked poorly, if at all, in other parts of the world. In late 2006, announcements were made of special web links designed for Europe and Asia. These were supposed to give other areas of the world a significant boost in server speed on the website. In 2007, all three web links were combined under one worldwide link. In an announcement on the home page, it was stated that the site would go global that year.

Prior to the reorganizations of 2002, FanFiction.Net contained approximately 20% of English-language fan fiction.

According to Hitwise, as of August 2007 FanFiction.Net comprised 34.7% of all traffic directed to sites in the Entertainment, Books and Writing category. For the week ending August 25, 2007, the site was ranked 159 out of over 1 million websites in terms of hits.[16]

Archiving

FanFiction.Net text-only content can be deleted at any time by either the author of the story or the site administration. Because of this there are projects to archive works. These include the ff2ebook project, fichub, and an independent projects on Archive.org.

FictionPress.com

FictionPress.com
Type of site
Fiction archive
OwnerXing Li
Created byXing Li
URLwww.fictionpress.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional
Current statusOnline

FanFiction.Net's sister site, FictionPress.com, contains over 1 million original stories, poems, and plays. The site has a similar format and rules to FanFiction.Net, except that no fan fiction is allowed. Currently, there are more poems than prose.[17]

See also

References

  1. Berman, A.A. (March 20, 2001). "Fans write own stories on Internet". The Arizona Republic. Gannett. p. 51. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  2. DuPont, Ember (June 1, 2023). "Fanfiction: What is it and How it Impacts You". The Skyline Post. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  3. Berman, A.S. "Lame TV season? Write your own episodes online." USA Today. August 20, 2001. Retrieved on May 19, 2011.
  4. Buechner, Maryanne Murray (March 4, 2002), "Pop Fiction", Time, archived from the original on February 18, 2007, retrieved January 7, 2008
  5. "Book Fandoms". Fanfiction.net. FictionPress. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  6. "Anime/Manga Fandoms". Fanfiction.net. FictionPress. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  7. "Guidelines". FanFiction.Net. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  8. O'Connell, Pamela Licalzi (April 18, 2005). "Please Don't Call It a G-Rated Dispute". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  9. "Fiction Ratings". Fiction Ratings. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  10. "Terms of Service". FanFiction.Net. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  11. missemeraldslytherin, (username). "Following and Favoriting". Fanfiction.Net. FictionPress. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  12. Romano, Aja (July 24, 2013). "Proust is no match for these two fanfics". The Daily Dot. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  13. Bernstein, Joseph (August 2, 2013). "Meet The College Junior Behind The Longest Fan Fiction Ever". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  14. "Privacy Policy". FanFiction.Net. March 5, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  15. "Content Guidelines". FanFiction.Net. November 20, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  16. Tancer, Bill (August 30, 2007), "Life after Potter, Bonanza, and Gunsmoke", Time, archived from the original on September 1, 2007, retrieved January 7, 2008
  17. "FictionPress.com".
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