Yaroslav II of Vladimir

Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (Russian: Яросла́в II Все́володович; Christian name: Theodor (Феодо́р); 8 February 1191 – 30 September 1246), also transliterated as Iaroslav,[1] was Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1238 to 1246. He helped to restore his country and capital after the Mongol invasion.

Yaroslav II
Born8 February 1191
Died30 September 1246(1246-09-30) (aged 55)
Karakorum, Mongol Empire
Spousea daughter of Yuri Konchakovich
Rostislava Mstislavna
Fedosia Igorevna
Issue
more...
Alexander Nevsky
Andrei II of Vladimir
Mikhail Khorobrit
Yaroslav of Tver
Vasily of Kostroma
HouseYurievichi
FatherVsevolod the Big Nest
MotherMaria Shvarnovna

Prince of Pereyaslav

Yaroslav was the fourth son of Vsevolod the Big Nest and Maria Shvarnovna.

In 1200, he was sent by his father to rule the town of Pereiaslav near the Kypchak steppes. Six years later, he was summoned by boyars of Halych to rule their city but could not effectively claim the throne. Thereupon he was sent to take Ryazan, but the stubborn opposition of the inhabitants led to the city being burnt. In 1209, Vsevolod sent Yaroslav to oppose Mstislav the Bold in Novgorod. After several battles, the two princes made peace, whereby Yaroslav married Mstislav's daughter.

Upon his deathbed, Vsevolod the Big Nest bequeathed to him Pereslavl-Zalessky. In the conflict between his elder brothers Konstantin and Yuri, Yaroslav supported the latter. In 1215, he accepted the offer of the Novgorodians to become their prince but, desiring revenge for their former treachery, captured Torzhok and blocked its supplies of grain to Novgorod. Several months later, he was defeated by his father-in-law on the Lipitsa River and had to retreat to Pereslavl; a helmet that he lost during the battle would be retrieved by archaeologists in 1808.

A helmet lost by Yaroslav in the aftermath of the Lipitsa Battle and retrieved by a peasant in 1808.

Prince of Novgorod and Kiev

In 1222, Yaroslav, finally enthroned in Novgorod, overran all of Estonia and besieged its capital Kolyvan. Four years later, he devastated Finland and baptised Karelia. His next ambition was to subjugate Pskov, but the Novgorodians refused to make war against its neighbour. Yaroslav departed in anger and seized the Novgorodian enclave of Volokolamsk. In 1234, he returned to Novgorod and several years later defeated its chief enemies—Lithuanians and the Teutonic Knights. In 1236, he followed Daniel of Galicia's advice and moved from Novgorod to Kiev, leaving his son Alexander as his representative in the north.

Grand Prince of Vladimir

In 1238, when the Mongols first invaded Kievan Rus' and his elder brother Yuri was killed in battle, Yaroslav left Kiev for Vladimir, where he was crowned grand prince. Yaroslav attempted to restore the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal after the Mongol ravages and fires. In 1243, he was summoned by Batu Khan to his capital Sarai. After a lengthy conference, he returned to Vladimir with honours. Two years later, he was again summoned to the east, this time by Güyük Khan in Karakorum. There he was poisoned by the Great khan's mother Töregene and died a week after he had been allowed to return home.

Family

Yaroslav married his first wife c. 1205. She was a daughter of Yuri Konchakovich, Khan of the Cumans. Her people belonged to the Kipchaks, a confederation of pastoralists and warriors of Turkic origin.

In 1214, Yaroslav married his second wife Rostislava Mstislavna. She was a daughter of Mstislav the Bold and another Cuman princess. Her maternal grandfather was Kotian Khan. They were divorced in 1216.

In 1218, Yaroslav married his third wife Fedosia Igorevna of Ryazan. She was a daughter of Igor Glebovich and Agrafena of Kiev. Her father was the second son of Gleb Rostislavich, Prince of Ryazan (d. 1178) and Euphrosyne of Pereyaslavl. Her mother was a daughter of Rostislav I of Kiev. They had at least twelve children:

Yurievichi connection of Moscow, Novgorod-Suzdal, and Tver
Yaroslav II of Vladimir
G. P. of Vladimir (1238–1246)
Grandson of Yurievichi progenitor Yuri Dolgorukiy
Alexander Nevsky
G. P. of Vladimir (1252–1263)
Andrey II of Vladimir
G. P. of Vladimir (1249–1252)
Yaroslav of Tver
Prince of Tver (1264–1271)
Daniel of Moscow
Prince of Moscow (12??–1303)
Daniilovichi progenitor
Konstantin of Suzdal
Prince of Nizhny
Novgorod-Suzdal (1341–1355)
Mikhail of Tver
Prince of Tver (1285–1318)
G. P. of Vladimir (1304–1318)

References

  1. Martin 2007, p. 200.

Bibliography

  • Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
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