Yi Eonjeok

Yi Eon-jeok (25 November 1491 — 23 November 1553), sometimes known by his art name Hoejae, was a Korean philosopher and politician during the Joseon dynasty. He was a public official and intellectual of the middle era of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was born and died in Gyeongju, then the capital of Gyeongsang province. Like most intellectuals from Gyeongsang in this period, he was a member of the Sarim faction. He contributed to the polarity-nonpolarity (mugeuk-taegeuk) debate in classical Korean Confucianism.[1]

In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.
Yi Eonjeok
Hangul
이언적
Hanja
李彦迪
Revised RomanizationYi Eonjeok
McCune–ReischauerYi Ǒnjŏk
Art name
Hangul
회재, 자계옹
Hanja
晦齋, 紫溪翁
Revised RomanizationHoejae, Jagye Ong
McCune–ReischauerHoejae, Chagye Ong
Courtesy name
Hangul
복고
Hanja
復古
Revised RomanizationBokgo
McCune–ReischauerPokko

A scion of the Yeoju Yi clan,[2] he passed the literary section of the gwageo in 1514 and entered government service. He was twice expelled from service and then re-hired due to factional strife. He was exiled after Fourth Literati Purge of 1545. He spent the intervening periods teaching on Jaok Mountain in Gyeongju. After his death, the Oksan Seowon was erected on Jaok Mountain to venerate his memory. It still stands today in Angang-eup, Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang, South Korea.[1]

It was excoriated in Uijeongbu YeonguI Pavilion in 1568 and was established in Jongmyo Shrine in 1569 (King Seonjo 2), and was engaged in Mungmyeong in 1610 (Gwanghagun 2). In addition, the ancestral tablets were enshrined in 17 Seowon schools across the country, including Oksan Seowon in Gyeongju. Yi's main work is titled " Yi Eon-jeong's Old Baseon", and is designated as Treasure No. 586. Other writings are kept at Dok-rak and Oksan Seowon.[3]

Through his adoptive son, Yi eventually became the maternal adoptive great-great-great-great-grandfather of Queen Inhyeon, the second wife of King Sukjong.

Family
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Yi Sung-rye (이숭례, 李崇禮)
  • Great-Grandmother
  • Grandfather
    • Yi Su-hoe (이수회, 李壽會)
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경주 이씨); youngest daughter Yi Muk (이묵, 李默)
  • Father
    • Yi Beon (이번, 李蕃) (1463 - February 1500)
      • Uncle - Yi Pil (이필, 李苾)
        • Aunt - Lady Jeong of the Ohcheon Jeong clan (오천 정씨); daughter of Jeong Heun (정흔, 鄭昕)[4]
          • Cousin - Yi Tong (이통, 李通)[5]
            • Cousin-in-law - Lady Yi (이씨)
              • First cousin - Yi Eung-in (이응인, 李膺仁);[6] became the adoptive son of Yi Eon-jeok
  • Mother
    • Lady Son of the Gyeongju Son clan (경주 손씨) (? - June 1548)[7]
      • Grandfather - Son So (손소, 孫昭) (1433 - 1484)[8]
        • Great-Grandfather - Son Sa-seong (손사성, 孫士晟) (1396 - 1477)
        • Great-Grandmother - Lady Kwon of the Andong Kwon clan (안동 권씨); daughter of Kwon Myeong-ri (권명리, 權明利)
      • Grandmother - Lady Ryu of the Pungdeok Ryu clan (풍덕 류씨, 豊德 柳氏) (? - 4 August 1510)
      • Uncle - Son Baek-don (손백돈)[9]
      • Aunt - Lady Son of the Gyeongju Son clan (경주 손씨)
        • Uncle - Geum Wol-hyeong (금원형, 琴元亨)
      • Uncle - Son Jung-don (손중돈, 孫仲敦) (1464 - 1529)
        • Cousin - Son Gyeong (손경, 孫曔)
      • Uncle - Son Suk-don (손숙돈, 孫叔暾)
      • Uncle - Son Gye-don (손계돈, 孫季暾)
      • Uncle - Son Yun-don (손윤돈, 孫閏暾)
      • Aunt - Lady Son of the Gyeongju Son clan (경주 손씨)
        • Uncle - Kang Jung-mok (강중묵, 姜仲默)
  • Sibling(s)
    • Younger brother - Yi Eon-gwal (이언괄, 李彦适) (10 February 1494 - 14 January 1553)[8]
  • Wife
    • Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (정경부인 함양 박씨); daughter of Park Sung-bu (박숭부, 朴崇阜)
  • Issue
    • Adoptive son - Yi Eung-in (이응인, 李膺仁); son of Yi Tong (이통, 李應仁) and Lady Yi (이씨)
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law - Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (함양 박씨); grandniece of Park Sung-bu (박숭부, 朴崇阜)
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law - Lady Jang of the Indong Jang clan (인동 장씨); daughter of Jang Eung-gi (장응기)
        • Adoptive grandson - Yi Ui-yun (이의윤, 李宜潤) (1564 - 1597)
        • Adoptive grandson - Yi Ui-jing (이의징, 李宜澄)
        • Adoptive grandson - Yi Ui-hwal (이의활, 李宜活) (1573 - 1627)
          • Adoptive great-granddaughter - Lady Yi of the Yeoju Yi clan (여주 이씨)
            • Adoptive great-grandson-in-law - Jeong Sim (정심, 鄭杺) (1596 - 1625)
              • Adoptive great-great-grandson - Jeong Gyeong-se (정경세, 鄭經世) (1563 - 1633)
                • Adoptive great-great-granddaughter - Lady Jeong of the Jinju Jeong clan (증 정경부인 진주 정씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 晉州 鄭氏)[10]
        • Adoptive grandson - Yi Ui-jam (이의잠, 李宜潛) (1576 - 1635)
        • Adoptive half-grandson - Yi Ui-eun (이의온, 李宜溫)
  • Concubine and issue
    • Lady Seok of the Yangju Seok clan (양주 석씨); daughter of Seok Gwi-dong (석귀동)
      • Son - Yi Jeon-in (이전인, 李全仁)
        • Grandson - Yi Jun (이준, 李浚)
        • Grandson - Yi Sun (이순, 李淳)

See also

References
  1. (in Korean) 이언적 李彦迪 (Yi Eonjeok), Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture,
  2. The clan was also known as the Yeoheung Yi clan or the Yeokang Yi clan (여강 이씨)
  3. Doopedia : Yi Eonjeok
  4. A descendant of Jeong Mong-ju
  5. Eventually became the maternal great-great-great-grandfather of Queen Inhyeon
  6. It was said that as the life of an adoptive child, Yi would miss his biological mother. At the age of eight, Lady Yi, Yi Eung-in’s mother, had died. During his adult years, Yi would recall his mother making him clothes, sending them to his home, and him touching them. It was once noted that Yi cried while stating, “These are my mother’s clothes”. It eventually caused him to fall ill and contact Dysentery. This behavior had brought resentment from his adoptive mother, Lady Park, as she stated to him, “I am your mother. The woman deceased is your aunt”. But Yi argued back saying that both Lady Yi and Lady Park were his mothers. His family had tried to push him to eat meat, but Yi refused to do so during the mourning period of his mother.
  7. The clan was also known as the Wolseong Son clan (월성 손씨)
  8. Lived and was a part of the Yangdong Folk village government
  9. Married and had 4 children (1 son, 3 daughters) but they all died prematurely. He eventually died at an early age leaving the family line to continue through his younger brother, Son Jung-don
  10. Became the maternal grandmother of Queen Inhyeon
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