Yongli
Yongli (5 February 1647 – 1 June 1662) was the era name of the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 15 years.
| Yongli | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 永曆 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 永历 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "perpetual calendar" | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Yongli Tongbao (永曆通寶) one fen copper coin
The Southern Ming was in use for fifteen years in mainland China, together with the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, which continued to use the "Yongli" era name until 8 October 1683 (Yongli 37, 18th day of the 8th month), when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing.[1]
On 22 January 1662 (Yongli 15, 3rd day of the 12th month), the Burmese sent the Yongli Emperor to Wu Sangui's camp.[2] On 1 June 1662 (Yongli 15, 15th day of the 4th month), the Yongli Emperor was hanged by Wu Sangui in Kunming, the Southern Ming officially perished, together with the 295-year history of the Ming dynasty, and officially ending nearly three hundred years of Ming rule.
Comparison table
| Yongli | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1647 | 1648 | 1649 | 1650 | 1651 | 1652 | 1653 | 1654 | 1655 | 1656 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Dīnghài 丁亥 | Wùzǐ 戊子 | Jǐchǒu 己丑 | Gēngyín 庚寅 | Xīnmǎo 辛卯 | Rénchén 壬辰 | Guǐsì 癸巳 | Jiǎwǔ 甲午 | Yǐwèi 乙未 | Bǐngshēn 丙申 |
| Yongli | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1657 | 1658 | 1659 | 1660 | 1661 | 1662 | 1663 | 1664 | 1665 | 1666 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Dīngyǒu 丁酉 | Wùxū 戊戌 | Jǐhài 己亥 | Gēngzǐ 庚子 | Xīnchǒu 辛丑 | Rényín 壬寅 | Guǐmǎo 癸卯 | Jiǎchén 甲辰 | Yǐsì 乙巳 | Bǐngwǔ 丙午 |
| Yongli | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | 1667 | 1668 | 1669 | 1670 | 1671 | 1672 | 1673 | 1674 | 1675 | 1676 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Dīngwèi 丁未 | Wùshēn 戊申 | Jǐyǒu 己酉 | Gēngxū 庚戌 | Xīnhài 辛亥 | Rénzǐ 壬子 | Guǐchǒu 癸丑 | Jiǎyín 甲寅 | Yǐmǎo 乙卯 | Bǐngchén 丙辰 |
| Yongli | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | |||
| AD | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | |||
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Dīngsì 丁巳 | Wùwǔ 戊午 | Jǐwèi 己未 | Gēngshēn 庚申 | Xīnyǒu 辛酉 | Rénxū 壬戌 | Guǐhài 癸亥 |
Other regime eras that existed during the same period
- China
- Dingwu (定武, 1646–1664): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Benli (Zhu Danji), Prince of Han (doubtful)
- Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
- Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
- Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
- Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
- Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂)
- Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
- Daqing (大慶, 1665): Qing period — era name of Wang Yaozu (王耀祖)
- Guangde (廣德, 1673): Qing period — era name of Yang Qilong (楊起隆)
- Zhaowu (昭武, 1678): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Sangui
- Honghua (洪化, 1679–1681): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Shifan
- Vietnam
- Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
- Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
- Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
- Dương Đức (陽德, 1672–1674): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
- Đức Nguyên (德元, 1674–1675): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
- Vĩnh Trị (永治, 1676–1680): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
- Chính Hòa (正和, 1680–1705): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
- Japan
- Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
- Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen
- Enpō (延宝, 1673–1681): era name of Emperor Reigen
- Tenna (天和, 1681–1684): era name of Emperor Reigen
References
- Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Biographies, Volume 51 (Zheng Sen chuan; 鄭森傳), p. 3585
- Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Annals, Volume 4, Zhaozong 2, p. 250-252
Extended reading
- Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局). ISBN 7101025129.
- Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) (March 2005). Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表). Taipei (臺北): National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃). ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
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