Isotopes of yttrium

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged)[1][2];

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and ⁹¹Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 4]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide [n 1]	Excitation energy[n 4]			Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 4]	Normal proportion	Range of variation
⁷⁶Y	39	37	75.95845(54)#	500# ns [>170 ns]
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	p (>99.9%)	⁷⁶Sr	5/2+#
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	β⁺ (<.1%)	⁷⁷Sr	5/2+#
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94361(43)#	54(5) ms	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(0+)
^78mY	0(500)# keV			5.8(5) s			5+#
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁷⁹Sr	(5/2+)#
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β⁺, p (<.1%)	⁷⁸Rb	(5/2+)#
⁸⁰Y	39	41	79.93428(19)	30.1(5) s	β⁺	⁸⁰Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s			(1−)
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) µs			(2+)
⁸¹Y	39	42	80.92913(7)	70.4(10) s	β⁺	⁸¹Sr	(5/2+)
⁸²Y	39	43	81.92679(11)	8.30(20) s	β⁺	⁸²Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			268(25) ns			4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			147(7) ns			6+
⁸³Y	39	44	82.92235(5)	7.08(6) min	β⁺	⁸³Sr	9/2+
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	β⁺ (60%)	⁸³Sr	(3/2−)
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	IT (40%)	⁸³Y	(3/2−)
⁸⁴Y	39	45	83.92039(10)	39.5(8) min	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	1+
^84mY	−80(190) keV			4.6(2) s	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	(5−)
⁸⁵Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	β⁺ (99.998%)	⁸⁵Sr	9/2+
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	IT (.002%)	⁸⁵Y	9/2+
^85m2Y	266.30(20) keV			178(6) ns			5/2−
⁸⁶Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β⁺	⁸⁶Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	IT (99.31%)	⁸⁶Y	(8+)
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	β⁺ (.69%)	⁸⁶Sr	(8+)
^86m2Y	302.2(5) keV			125(6) ns			(7−)
⁸⁷Y	39	48	86.9108757(17)	79.8(3) h	β⁺	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	⁸⁷Y	9/2+
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	β⁺ (1.56%)	⁸⁷Sr	9/2+
⁸⁸Y	39	49	87.9095011(20)	106.616(13) d	β⁺	⁸⁸Sr	4−
^88m1Y	674.55(4) keV			13.9(2) ms	IT	⁸⁸Y	(8)+
^88m2Y	392.86(9) keV			300(3) µs			1+
⁸⁹Y[n 9]	39	50	88.9058483(27)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	⁸⁹Y	9/2+
⁹⁰Y[n 9]	39	51	89.9071519(27)	64.053(20) h	β⁻	⁹⁰Zr	2−
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	IT (99.99%)	⁹⁰Y	7+
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	β⁻ (.0018%)	⁹⁰Zr	7+
⁹¹Y[n 9]	39	52	90.907305(3)	58.51(6) d	β⁻	⁹¹Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT (98.5%)	⁹¹Y	9/2+
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	β⁻ (1.5%)	⁹¹Zr	9/2+
⁹²Y	39	53	91.908949(10)	3.54(1) h	β⁻	⁹²Zr	2−
⁹³Y	39	54	92.909583(11)	10.18(8) h	β⁻	⁹³Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	⁹³Y	7/2+
⁹⁴Y	39	55	93.911595(8)	18.7(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁴Zr	2−
⁹⁵Y	39	56	94.912821(8)	10.3(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁵Zr	1/2−
⁹⁶Y	39	57	95.915891(25)	5.34(5) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	0−
^96mY	1140(30) keV			9.6(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	(8)+
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β⁻ (99.942%)	⁹⁷Zr	(1/2−)
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β⁻, n (.058%)	⁹⁶Zr	(1/2−)
^97m1Y	667.51(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β⁻ (99.3%)	⁹⁷Zr	(9/2)+
					IT (.7%)	⁹⁷Y
					β⁻, n (.08%)	⁹⁶Zr
^97m2Y	3523.3(4) keV			142(8) ms			(27/2−)
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β⁻ (99.669%)	⁹⁸Zr	(0)−
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β⁻, n (.331%)	⁹⁷Zr	(0)−
^98m1Y	170.74(6) keV			620(80) ns			(2)−
^98m2Y	410(30) keV			2.0(2) s	β⁻ (86.6%)	⁹⁸Zr	(5+,4−)
					IT (10%)	⁹⁸Y
					β⁻, n (3.4%)	⁹⁷Zr
^98m3Y	496.19(15) keV			7.6(4) µs			(2−)
^98m4Y	1181.1(4) keV			0.83(10) µs			(8−)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β⁻ (98.1%)	⁹⁹Zr	(5/2+)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β⁻, n (1.9%)	⁹⁸Zr	(5/2+)
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.6(8) µs			(17/2+)
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β⁻ (98.98%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	1−,2−
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β⁻, n (1.02%)	⁹⁹Zr	1−,2−
^100mY	200(200)# keV			940(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁰Zr	(3,4,5)(+#)
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β⁻ (98.06%)	¹⁰¹Zr	(5/2+)
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β⁻, n (1.94%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	(5/2+)
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β⁻ (95.1%)	¹⁰²Zr
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β⁻, n (4.9%)	¹⁰¹Zr
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β⁻ (94%)	¹⁰²Zr	high
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β⁻, n (6%)	¹⁰¹Zr	high
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β⁻ (91.7%)	¹⁰³Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β⁻, n (8.3%)	¹⁰²Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Y	39	65	103.94105(43)#	180(60) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁴Zr
¹⁰⁵Y	39	66	104.94487(54)#	60# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁶Y	39	67	105.94979(75)#	50# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Zr
¹⁰⁷Y	39	68	106.95414(54)#	30# ms [>300 ns]			5/2+#
¹⁰⁸Y[3]	39	69	107.95948(86)#	20# ms [>300 ns]
¹⁰⁹Y[3]	39	70
¹¹⁰Y[4]	39	71
¹¹¹Y[4]	39	72
This table header & footer:

^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Fission product

References

"Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a ²³⁸U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 79 (7): 073201. arXiv:1006.0305. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.
Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.

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[3] Y – Excited nuclear isomer.

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-6] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[7] Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[8] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[9] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[10] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[FP-11] Fission product

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Ohnishi-12] Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a ²³⁸U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 79 (7): 073201. arXiv:1006.0305. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.

[Sumikama(Y)-13] Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.