Isotopes of yttrium

Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and 91Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

Isotopes of yttrium (39Y)
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
87Y synth 3.4 d ε 87Sr
γ
88Y synth 106.6 d ε 88Sr
γ
89Y 100% stable
90Y synth 2.7 d β 90Zr
γ
91Y synth 58.5 d β 91Zr
γ
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
  • 88.905838±0.000002
  • 88.906±0.001 (abridged)[1][2]

90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1]
Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2][n 3]
Half-life
[n 4]
Decay
mode

[n 5]
Daughter
isotope

[n 6][n 7]
Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4]
Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
76Y 39 37 75.95845(54)# 500# ns [>170 ns]
77Y 39 38 76.94965(7)# 63(17) ms p (>99.9%) 76Sr 5/2+#
β+ (<.1%) 77Sr
78Y 39 39 77.94361(43)# 54(5) ms β+ 78Sr (0+)
78mY 0(500)# keV 5.8(5) s 5+#
79Y 39 40 78.93735(48) 14.8(6) s β+ (>99.9%) 79Sr (5/2+)#
β+, p (<.1%) 78Rb
80Y 39 41 79.93428(19) 30.1(5) s β+ 80Sr 4−
80m1Y 228.5(1) keV 4.8(3) s (1−)
80m2Y 312.6(9) keV 4.7(3) µs (2+)
81Y 39 42 80.92913(7) 70.4(10) s β+ 81Sr (5/2+)
82Y 39 43 81.92679(11) 8.30(20) s β+ 82Sr 1+
82m1Y 402.63(14) keV 268(25) ns 4−
82m2Y 507.50(13) keV 147(7) ns 6+
83Y 39 44 82.92235(5) 7.08(6) min β+ 83Sr 9/2+
83mY 61.98(11) keV 2.85(2) min β+ (60%) 83Sr (3/2−)
IT (40%) 83Y
84Y 39 45 83.92039(10) 39.5(8) min β+ 84Sr 1+
84mY −80(190) keV 4.6(2) s β+ 84Sr (5−)
85Y 39 46 84.916433(20) 2.68(5) h β+ 85Sr (1/2)−
85m1Y 19.8(5) keV 4.86(13) h β+ (99.998%) 85Sr 9/2+
IT (.002%) 85Y
85m2Y 266.30(20) keV 178(6) ns 5/2−
86Y 39 47 85.914886(15) 14.74(2) h β+ 86Sr 4−
86m1Y 218.30(20) keV 48(1) min IT (99.31%) 86Y (8+)
β+ (.69%) 86Sr
86m2Y 302.2(5) keV 125(6) ns (7−)
87Y 39 48 86.9108757(17) 79.8(3) h β+ 87Sr 1/2−
87mY 380.82(7) keV 13.37(3) h IT (98.43%) 87Y 9/2+
β+ (1.56%) 87Sr
88Y 39 49 87.9095011(20) 106.616(13) d β+ 88Sr 4−
88m1Y 674.55(4) keV 13.9(2) ms IT 88Y (8)+
88m2Y 392.86(9) keV 300(3) µs 1+
89Y[n 9] 39 50 88.9058483(27) Stable 1/2− 1.0000
89mY 908.97(3) keV 15.663(5) s IT 89Y 9/2+
90Y[n 9] 39 51 89.9071519(27) 64.053(20) h β 90Zr 2−
90mY 681.67(10) keV 3.19(6) h IT (99.99%) 90Y 7+
β (.0018%) 90Zr
91Y[n 9] 39 52 90.907305(3) 58.51(6) d β 91Zr 1/2−
91mY 555.58(5) keV 49.71(4) min IT (98.5%) 91Y 9/2+
β (1.5%) 91Zr
92Y 39 53 91.908949(10) 3.54(1) h β 92Zr 2−
93Y 39 54 92.909583(11) 10.18(8) h β 93Zr 1/2−
93mY 758.719(21) keV 820(40) ms IT 93Y 7/2+
94Y 39 55 93.911595(8) 18.7(1) min β 94Zr 2−
95Y 39 56 94.912821(8) 10.3(1) min β 95Zr 1/2−
96Y 39 57 95.915891(25) 5.34(5) s β 96Zr 0−
96mY 1140(30) keV 9.6(2) s β 96Zr (8)+
97Y 39 58 96.918134(13) 3.75(3) s β (99.942%) 97Zr (1/2−)
β, n (.058%) 96Zr
97m1Y 667.51(23) keV 1.17(3) s β (99.3%) 97Zr (9/2)+
IT (.7%) 97Y
β, n (.08%) 96Zr
97m2Y 3523.3(4) keV 142(8) ms (27/2−)
98Y 39 59 97.922203(26) 0.548(2) s β (99.669%) 98Zr (0)−
β, n (.331%) 97Zr
98m1Y 170.74(6) keV 620(80) ns (2)−
98m2Y 410(30) keV 2.0(2) s β (86.6%) 98Zr (5+,4−)
IT (10%) 98Y
β, n (3.4%) 97Zr
98m3Y 496.19(15) keV 7.6(4) µs (2−)
98m4Y 1181.1(4) keV 0.83(10) µs (8−)
99Y 39 60 98.924636(26) 1.470(7) s β (98.1%) 99Zr (5/2+)
β, n (1.9%) 98Zr
99mY 2141.65(19) keV 8.6(8) µs (17/2+)
100Y 39 61 99.92776(8) 735(7) ms β (98.98%) 100Zr 1−,2−
β, n (1.02%) 99Zr
100mY 200(200)# keV 940(30) ms β 100Zr (3,4,5)(+#)
101Y 39 62 100.93031(10) 426(20) ms β (98.06%) 101Zr (5/2+)
β, n (1.94%) 100Zr
102Y 39 63 101.93356(9) 0.30(1) s β (95.1%) 102Zr
β, n (4.9%) 101Zr
102mY 200(200)# keV 360(40) ms β (94%) 102Zr high
β, n (6%) 101Zr
103Y 39 64 102.93673(32)# 224(19) ms β (91.7%) 103Zr 5/2+#
β, n (8.3%) 102Zr
104Y 39 65 103.94105(43)# 180(60) ms β 104Zr
105Y 39 66 104.94487(54)# 60# ms [>300 ns] β 105Zr 5/2+#
106Y 39 67 105.94979(75)# 50# ms [>300 ns] β 106Zr
107Y 39 68 106.95414(54)# 30# ms [>300 ns] 5/2+#
108Y[3] 39 69 107.95948(86)# 20# ms [>300 ns]
109Y[3] 39 70
110Y[4] 39 71
111Y[4] 39 72
This table header & footer:
  1. mY  Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ()  Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. #  Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. #  Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. Modes of decay:
    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  6. Bold italics symbol as daughter  Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. Bold symbol as daughter  Daughter product is stable.
  8. () spin value  Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. Fission product

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 79 (7): 073201. arXiv:1006.0305. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.
  4. Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.
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