YugabyteDB

YugabyteDB is a high-performance transactional distributed SQL database for cloud-native applications, developed by Yugabyte.[1]

Original author(s)Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, Mikhail Bautin
Developer(s)Yugabyte, Inc.
Initial release2016 (2016)
Stable release
2.16 (Stable)
2.17 (Development) / December 15, 2022 (2022-12-15)
December 8, 2022 (2022-12-08)
Repository
Written inC++
Operating systemLinux RedHat 7.x and derivatives, MacOS
PlatformBare Metal, Virtual Machine, Docker, Kubernetes and various container management platforms
Available inEnglish
TypeRDBMS
LicenseApache 2.0
Websitewww.yugabyte.com Edit this on Wikidata
Yugabyte, Inc.
TypePrivate
IndustrySoftware
Founded2016 (2016)
FounderKannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, Mikhail Bautin
HeadquartersSunnyvale, California, USA
Key people
Kannan Muthukkaruppan
(Co-Founder & President,
Product Development)
Karthik Ranganathan
(Co-Founder & CTO)
Mikhail Bautin
(Co-Founder &
Software Architect)
Bill Cook
(CEO)
ServicesCommercial database management systems
Websiteyugabyte.com

History

Yugabyte was founded by ex-Facebook engineers Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, and Mikhail Bautin. At Facebook, they were part of the team that built and operated Cassandra and HBase[2][3] during a period of significant growth in workloads such as Facebook Messenger and Facebook's Operational Data Store.[4]

The founders came together in February 2016 to build YugabyteDB,[5] believing that the trends they experienced at Facebook – microservices, containerization, high availability, geographic distribution, APIs, and open-source – were relevant to all businesses, especially as they move from on-premise to cloud-native operations.[6]

YugabyteDB was initially available in two editions: community and enterprise. In July 2019, Yugabyte open sourced previously commercial features and launched YugabyteDB as open-source under the Apache 2.0 license.

The rapid evolution of the product led to being named as a 2020 Gartner Cool Vendor in Data Management.[7]

Yugabyte launched Yugabyte Cloud,[8] now renamed YugabyteDB Managed, a fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB, in September 2021.[9]

Funding

Six years after the company's inception, Yugabyte closed a $188 Million Series C funding round to become a Unicorn start-up with a valuation of $1.3Bn[10]

Funding Rounds
Series Date Announced Amount Investors
A 10 Feb 2016 $8M Lightspeed Venture Partners, Jeff Rothschild[11][12]
A 12 Jun 2018 $16M Lightspeed Venture Partners, Dell Technology Capital[13][14]
B 09 Jun 2020 $30M Wipro Ventures, Lightspeed Venture Partners. Dell Technology Capital. 8VC [15][16]
B 03 Mar 2021 $48M Wipro Ventures. Lightspeed Venture Partners. Greenspring Associates, Dell Technology Capital, 8VC[17][18]
C 28 Oct 2021 $188M Wells Fargo Strategic Capital, Sapphire Ventures, Meritech Capital Partners, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Dell Technology Capital, 8VC[19][20][21]

Architecture

YugabyteDB is a distributed SQL database that aims to be strongly transactionally consistent across failure zones (i.e. ACID compliance].[22][23] Jepsen testing, the de facto industry standard for verifying correctness, has never fully passed, mainly due to race conditions during schema changes.[24] In CAP Theorem terms YugabyteDB is a Consistent/Partition Tolerant (CP) database.[25][26][27]

YugabyteDB has two layers,[28] a storage engine known as DocDB and the Yugabyte Query Layer.[29]

Architecture Block Diagram for YugabyteDB
YugabyteDB Architecture

DocDB

The storage engine consists of a customized RocksDB[29][30] combined with sharding and load balancing algorithms for the data. In addition, the Raft consensus algorithm controls the replication of data between the nodes.[29][30] There is also a Distributed transaction manager[29][30] and Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC)[29][30] to support distributed transactions.[30]

The engine also exploits a Hybrid Logical Clock[31][29] that combines coarsely-synchronized physical clocks with Lamport clocks to track causal relationships.[32]

The DocDB layer is not directly accessible by users.[29]

YugabyteDB Query Layer

Yugabyte has a pluggable query layer that abstracts the query layer from the storage layer below.[33] There are currently two APIs that can access the database:[30]

YSQL[34] is a PostgreSQL code-compatible API[35][36] based around v11.2. YSQL is accessed via standard PostgreSQL drivers using native protocols.[37] It exploits the native PostgreSQL code for the query layer[38] and replaces the storage engine with calls to the pluggable query layer. This re-use means that Yugabyte supports many features, including:

  • Triggers & Stored Procedures[36]
  • PostgreSQL extensions that operate in the query layer[36]
  • Native JSONB support[36]

YCQL[39] is a Cassandra-like API based around v3.10 and re-written in C++. YCQL is accessed via standard Cassandra drivers[40] using the native protocol port of 9042. In addition to the 'vanilla' Cassandra components, YCQL is augmented with the following features:

  • Transactional consistency - unlike Cassandra, Yugabyte YCQL is transactional.[41]
  • JSON data types supported natively[42]
  • Tables can have secondary indexes[43]

Currently, data written to either API is not accessible via the other API, however YSQL can access YCQL using the PostgreSQL foreign data wrapper feature.[44]

The security model for accessing the system is inherited from the API, so access controls for YSQL look like PostgreSQL,[45] and YCQL looks like Cassandra access controls.[46]

Cluster-to-cluster replication

In addition to its core functionality of distributing a single database, YugabyteDB has the ability to replicate between database instances.[47][48] The replication can be one-way or bi-directional and is asynchronous. One-way replication is used either to create a read-only copy for workload off-loading or in a read-write mode to create an active-passive standby. Bi-directional replication is generally used in read-write configurations and is used for active-active configurations, geo-distributed applications, etc.

Migration tooling

Yugabyte also provides YugabyteDB Voyager, tooling to facilitate the migration of Oracle and other similar databases to YugabyteDB.[49][50] This tool supports the migration of schemas, procedural code and data from the source platform to YugabyteDB.

See also

References
  1. "YugabyteDB System Properties". DB-Engines. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  2. "Karthik Ranganathan". Dataversity. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  3. Borthakur, Dhruba; Rash, Samuel; Schmidt, Rodrigo; Aiyer, Amitanand; Gray, Jonathan; Sarma, Joydeep Sen; Muthukkaruppan, Kannan; Spiegelberg, Nicolas; Kuang, Hairong; Ranganathan, Karthik; Molkov, Dmytro; Menon, Aravind (2011). "Apache hadoop goes realtime at Facebook". Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data. p. 1071. doi:10.1145/1989323.1989438. ISBN 9781450306614. S2CID 207188340. Retrieved 15 January 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. "YugaByte Raises $8M in Series A Funding". FINSMES. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  5. "Yugabyte CTO outlines a PostgreSQL path to distributed cloud". VentureBeat. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  6. "Yugabyte expands its fully managed enterprise cloud service with $188M". VentureBeat. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  7. "Yugabyte Named a 2020 Gartner Cool Vendor in Data Management". BusinessWire. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  8. "Yugabyte Cloud: a Managed Distributed SQL Database". InfoQ. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  9. "Yugabyte Delivers Effortless Distributed SQL With Cloud Database-as-a-Service". BusinessWire. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  10. "Another cloud native SQL database unicorn: Yugabyte raises $188M Series C funding at $1.3B valuation". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  11. "YugaByte Raises $8M in Series A Funding". Finsmes. 2 November 2017.
  12. "YugaByte Receives $8M Series A Round". VC News Daily. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  13. "YugaByte raises $16 Million to combine SQL and NoSQL in a single database". Technologies.org. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  14. "YugaByte's new database software rakes in $16 million so developers can move to any cloud". TechCrunch. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  15. "Another globally distributed cloud native SQL database on the rise: Yugabyte Raises $30 million in Series B Funding". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  16. "Yugabyte raises $30M for its cloud-native distributed SQL database". SiliconAngle. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  17. "Yugabyte raises $48M for open source SQL database alternative". VentureBeat. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  18. "Yugabyte Raises $48 Million Funding Round to Accelerate Distributed SQL Enterprise Adoption and Fuel Global Expansion". YahoonFinance. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  19. "Yugabyte's latest funding round values the distributed SQL system at $1.3bn". The Register. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  20. "Another cloud native SQL database unicorn: Yugabyte raises $188M Series C funding at $1.3B valuation". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  21. "High-performance database startup Yugabyte raises $188M in new funding round". Silicon Angle. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  22. "ACID Transactions". Devopedia. 18 August 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  23. "ICT Solutions for local flexibility markets" (PDF). Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti. Proceedings of the IE 2020 International Conference. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  24. "YugaByte DB 1.3.1". Jepsen.io. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  25. "YugaByteDB: A Distributed Cloud Native Database for a Highly Scalable Data Store". Open Source Foru. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  26. "Yugabyte Design Goals". Yugabyte.com. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  27. Galić, Zdravko; Vuzem, Mario (2020). "A Generic and Extensible Core and Prototype of Consistent, Distributed, and Resilient LIS". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 9 (7): 437. Bibcode:2020IJGI....9..437G. doi:10.3390/ijgi9070437.
  28. "Yugabyte Layered Architecture". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  29. Hirsch, Orhan Henrik. "Scalability of NewSQL Databases in a Cloud Environment" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology. NYNU Open. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  30. Budholia, Akash. "NewSQL Monitoring System". San Jose State University Scholar Works. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  31. "Hybrid Clock". Martin Fowler. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  32. "Distributed Transactions without Atomic Clocks" (PDF). Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  33. "Yugabyte DB 2.0 Ships Production-Ready Distributed SQL Database for Going Cloud Native". Integration Developer News. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  34. "Yugabyte Structured Query Language (YSQL)". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  35. "Yugabyte Meets Developer Demand for Comprehensive PostgreSQL Compatibility with YugabyteDB 2.11". BusinessWire. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  36. "PostgreSQL Compatibility in YugabyteDB 2.0". Yugabyte. 17 September 2019.
  37. "Client Drivers for YSQL". Yugabyte.
  38. "Why We Built YugabyteDB by Reusing the PostgreSQL Query Layer". Yugabyte. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  39. "Yugabyte Cloud Query Language (YCQL)". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  40. "Client drivers for YCQL". Yugabyte.
  41. "ACID Transactions". Yugabyte.
  42. "YCQL JSONB Data Type". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  43. "YCQL Secondary Indexes". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  44. "YugabyteDB: Postgres foreign data wrapper". Gruchalski. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  45. "YSQL Access Control". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  46. "YCWL access Controls". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  47. "Yugabyte Expands Multi-Region Database Capabilities and Enterprise-Grade Security with YugabyteDB 2.5". Business Wire. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  48. "xCLuster Replication". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  49. "Yugabyte simplifies SQL database migration with YugabyteDB Voyager". siliconANGLE. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  50. "Yugabyte chomps into cloud migration". Techzine. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
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