Yun Ung-nyeol

Yun Ung-ryeol (Korean: 윤웅렬, Hanja: 尹雄烈; 18 May 1840[1] – 22 September 1911) was a Korean general and politician during the Joseon and Korean Empire periods. He was a member of the Gaehwa Party and a pro-Japanese scholar-official. He is also known as Yun Woong Niel or Yun Ung-nyeol.[2] His art name was Bangye (반계; 磻溪).

In this Korean name, the family name is Yun.
Yun Ung-nyeol
Yun Ung-nyeol (left) and a friend attired in traditional Korean clothing. The two are engaged in a game of "Go-ban" (oriental chess) in one of the rooms of Yun's home in Seoul c. 1903.
Korean name
Hangul
윤웅렬
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYun Ung-nyeol
McCune–ReischauerYun Ungnyŏl
Art name
Hangul
반계
Hanja
Revised RomanizationBangye
McCune–ReischauerPangye
Courtesy name
Hangul
영중
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYeongjoong
McCune–ReischauerYongjung
General Yun Ung-nyeol is seated, wearing the western uniform of the Korean Empire. This photograph shows the general with his family c. 1910. Standing next to the old general is his son, Yun Chi-ho.

Biography
Yun Ung-nyeol (1880s)

Yun Ung-nyeol was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea, the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨, 海平 尹氏). His family was considered wealthy,[3] which his father had paved the way to prominence by himself. From his early age, Yun and his younger brother were famous for their great physical abilities.[4]

At the age of 17, Yun went to Seoul by himself and took the Gwageo Military Examination, and passed the exam, making him an official.[4]

From 1881, Yun was in charge of the new army of Joseon Dynasty, also known as the Pyŏlgigun. As a member of the Gaehwa Party, Yun participated in the Gapsin Coup. After the short-lived new government was formed, Yun was appointed as Minister of Justice, and Vice mayor of Seoul.[5]

In 1904, Yun Ung-nyeol was appointed as the Korea's Minister of War.[6] On 30 September 1904, Yun was appointed as the Chief of Staff of Korean Empire[7] but he resigned on 30 January 1905 making him the last incumbent.[8] He died in 1911, aged 71.

In modern Korean historiography, General Yun has been designated one of the Chinilpa or pro-Japanese activists of the 1900s (decade).[9]

Family
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Byeon (윤변, 尹忭) (1493 - 8 July 1549)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Hyeon of the Palgeo Hyeon clan (팔거 현씨, 八莒 玄氏) (? - 1544); daughter of Hyeon Yun-myeong (현윤명, 玄允明), second wife
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Du-su (윤두수, 尹斗壽) (1533 - 1 April 1601)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Hwang (황씨); daughter of Hwang Dae-yong (황대용, 黃大用)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Heun (윤흔, 尹昕) (4 October 1564 - 17 December 1638)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Chwi-ji (윤취지, 尹就之) (1583 - 1644)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1583 - 1 November 1663)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Chae (윤채, 尹埰) (13 November 1603 - 24 October 1671)
  • Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Se-gyeom (윤세겸, 尹世謙) (18 June 1668 - 24 September 1749)
  • Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Kim of the Gimhae Kim clan (김해 김씨); Yun Se-gyeom’s concubine
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Yun Bal (윤발, 尹潑) (1728 - 25 September 1798)
  • Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1730 - 1796); illegitimate daughter of Yi Jang (이장, 李樟; 1680 - 20 July 1752)
  • Grandfather
    • Yun Deuk-sil (윤득실, 尹得實) (1768 - 1805)
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (증 정부인 남양 홍씨) (1765 - 7 May 1816); daughter of Hong Deuk-gwon (홍득권, 洪得權)
  • Father
    • Yun Chwi-dong (윤취동, 尹取東) (18 July 1789 - 21 December 1863)
      • Uncle - Yun Gyu-dong (윤교동, 尹敎東) (1786 - 8 May 1829)
        • Aunt - Lady Im of the Naju Im clan (나주 임씨, 羅州 林氏) (3 February 1794 - 2 October 1834)
          • Cousin - Yun Paeng-ryeol (윤팽렬, 尹彭烈) (1801 - 23 September 1833)
            • Cousin-in-law - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1813 - 18 October 1894)
      • Uncle - Yun Woon-dong (윤우동, 尹祐東) (15 March 1788 - 30 April 1827)
        • Aunt - Lady Lee of the Ubong Lee clan (우봉 이씨) (10 September 1797 - 3 November 1834)
          • Cousin - Yun Bong-ryeol (윤봉렬, 尹鳳烈) (1821 - 3 July 1851)
            • Cousin-in-law - Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (안동 김씨) (1818 - 8 February 1843)
            • Cousin-in-law - Lady Park of the Miryang Park clan (밀양 박씨) (1822 - 1881)
      • Aunt - Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨)
  • Mother
    • Biological - Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (안동 김씨, 安東 金氏) (1810 - October 1900); second wife
      • Grandfather - Kim Gi-geon (김기건, 金驥健)
    • Step - Lady Shin of the Goryeong Shin clan (고령 신씨, 高靈 申氏) (1797 - 17 March 1827)
  • Sibling(s)
    • Older sister - Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨) (1835 - 1920)
      • Brother-in-law - Yi Won-si (이원시, 李源始) of the Yongin Yi clan
        • Cousin - Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan (용인 이씨)
        • Cousin - Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan (용인 이씨)
          • Cousin-in-law - Lee Jeong-gu (이정구, 李鼎九) of the Ubong Lee clan
        • Unnamed male cousin
        • Unnamed male cousin
    • Older sister - Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨)
      • Brother-in-law - Yi In-seo (이인서, 李寅恕) of the Jeonju Yi clan
    • Younger brother - Yun Yeong-ryeol (윤영렬, 尹英烈) (1854 - 4 November 1939)
      • Sister-in-law - Han Jin-suk (한진숙, 韓鎭淑), Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨) (29 March 1858 - 18 February 1938)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-oh (윤치오, 尹致旿) (10 September 1869 - 22 December 1949)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-so (윤치소, 尹致昭) (25 August 1871 - 20 February 1944)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-seong (윤치성, 尹致晟) (1875 - 11 August 1936)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-byeong (윤치병, 尹致昞) (1880 - 24 January 1940)
        • Niece - Yun Hwal-ran (윤활란, 尹活蘭), Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨) (9 March 1884 - 6 December 1967)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-myeong (윤치명, 尹致明) (27 October 1885 - 21 April 1944)
        • Niece - Yun No-deok (윤노덕, 尹老德) or Yun Jeong-suk (윤정숙, 尹貞淑), Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨) (14 June 1889 - 24 November 1979)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-yeong (윤치영, 尹致暎) (2 October 1898 - 2 September 1996)
      • Sister-in-law - Shin Deok-gyeong (신덕경, 愼德卿) (? - 29 May 1894); concubine
        • Unnamed nephew
      • Unnamed sister-in-law; concubine
        • Niece - Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨)
      • Sister-in-law - Jang Bok-cheom (장복첨, 張福瞻) (22 January 1902 - 3 March 1950); concubine
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-jeong (윤치정, 尹致晶) (25 November 1921 - ?)
        • Niece - Yun Gil-hui (윤길희, 尹吉喜) (16 June 1924 - 28 June 1973)
        • Niece - Yun In-hui (윤인희, 尹麟喜) (17 January 1927 - ?)
        • Nephew - Yun Chi-il (윤치일, 尹致日) (10 February 1935 - 4 August 1985)
  • Wives and their issue
    • Lady Lee of the Jeonui Lee clan (전의이씨) (9 June 1838 - 4 March 1907); daughter of Lee Hyeon-po (이현표, 李玄豹)
      • Daughter - Lady Yun of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨)
        • Son-in-law - Kim Chung-hyeon (김충현, 金忠鉉) of the Gwangsan Kim clan
        • Son-in-law - Park Jun-hong (박준홍)
    • Yi Jeong-mu (이정무), Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (27 September 1844 - 12 February 1936); daughter of Yi Il-yeong (이일영, 李日永)
      • Daughter - Yun Gyeong-hui (윤경희, 尹慶姬) (1862 - 1931)
        • Son-in-law - Kim Jae-guk (김재극, 金在極) of the Eonyang Kim clan
      • Son - Yun Chi-ho (윤치호, 尹致昊) (23 January 1865 - 6 December 1945)
        • Daughter-in-law - Lady Kang of the Jinju Kang clan (진주 강씨, 晉州 姜氏) (1868 - 9 December 1945); married in 1879
        • Daughter-in-law - Ma Ae-bang (마애방, 馬愛芳) (19 February 1871 - 14 February 1906)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Bong-hui (윤봉희, 尹鳳姬) (31 December 1894 - ?)
          • Grandson - Yun Yeong-seon (윤영선, 尹永善) (25 December 1896 - 6 February 1988)
          • Grandson - Yun Bong-seong (윤봉성, 尹鳳成) (1897 - ?)
          • Grandson - Yun Gwang-seon (윤광선, 尹光善) (17 November 1898 - 1950)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Yong-hui (윤용희, 尹龍姬) (3 May 1903 - ?)
        • Daughter-in-law - Baek Mae-ryeo (백매려, 白梅麗) or Baek Mi-ryeo (백미려, 白美麗) (1 August 1890 - 10 April 1943); daughter of Baek Dong-myeong (백동명, 白東明)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Mun-hui (윤문희, 尹文姬) (18 September 1909 - ?)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Mu-hui (윤무희, 尹武姬) (4 May 1912 - 10 March 1914)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Eun-hui (윤은희, 尹恩姬) (11 November 1917 - ?)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Myeong-hui (윤명희, 尹明姬) (8 February 1918 - 30 October 2013)
          • Grandson - Yun Jang-seon (윤장선, 尹璋善) (27 January 1920 - 25 March 2000)
          • Grandson - Yun Gi-seon (윤기선, 尹琦善) (22 October 1921 - 27 July 2013)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Bo-hui (윤보희, 尹寶姬) (19 October 1923 - 2018)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Yeong-hui (윤영희, 尹瑛姬) (5 March 1926 - ?)
          • Grandson - Yun Jeong-seon (윤정선, 尹珽善) (24 May 1928 - 4 March 2008)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Jeong-hui (윤정희)
    • Da-ok (다옥, 茶玉); Kisaeng — No issue.
    • Kim Jeong-sun (김정순, 金貞淳) (15 March 1879 - 16 November 1959)
      • Unnamed son; died prematurely
      • Son - Yun Chi-wang (윤치왕, 尹致旺) (17 February 1895 - 21 December 1982)
        • Daughter-in-law - Yi Mo-im (이모임, 李慕姙) or Yi Mo-hui (이모희, 李慕姬) (17 August 1893 - 24 January 1971); daughter of Yi Hui-deok (이희덕, 李熙悳)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Seon-hui (윤선희, 尹善姬) (29 September 1912/1915 - 1989)
          • Grandson - Yun Jeong-seon (윤정선) (1928 - 1931)
          • Grandson - Yun Gyeong-seon (윤경선) (1930 - 1931)
          • Grandson - Yun Do-seon (윤도선, 尹燾善) (5 March 1932 - ?)
          • Grandson - Yun Hun-seon (윤훈선, 尹薰善) (26 June 1934 - ?)
          • Grandson - Yun Yeon-seon (윤연선, 尹然善) (11 January 1936 - ?)
      • Son - Yun Chi-chang (윤치창, 尹致昌) (5 March 1899 - 1 October 1973)
        • Daughter-in-law - Son Jin-sil (손진실, 孫眞實) or Son Won-mi (손원미, 孫元美) (1901 - 1990)
          • Grandson - Yun Jong-seon (윤종선, 尹淙善) (1935 - 17 March 2002)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Won-hui (윤원희, 尹沅姬)
          • Grandson - Yun Hae-seon (윤해선) (1939 - ?)
          • Granddaughter - Yun Yang-hui (윤양희)
  • Concubine and issue
    • Unnamed concubine
      • Son - Yun Gil-yong (윤길용, 尹吉龍) or Yun Dal-yong (윤달용, 尹達龍) (1894 - ?)

See also

Notes
  1. In lunar calendar, Yun was born on 17 April 1840
  2. Emory University, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (MARBL): Yun Ch'i-ho papers, 1883-1943
  3. "100 Koreans Freed; But Baron Yun Chi-ho and Other Prominent Men Are Found Guilty," New York Times. March 21, 1913.
  4. "최혁 주필의 전라도 역사이야기". 남도일보 (in Korean). 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  5. "윤웅렬(尹雄烈)". encykorea.aks.ac.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  6. Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," p. 60.
  7. 조선-대한제국 관보. "9月30日".
  8. 조선·대한제국 관보. "參謀部副長尹雄烈辭職疏".
  9. (in Korean) 2006년도 조사보고서 II - 친일반민족행위결정이유서, p. 257~262 친일반민족행위진상규명위원회, 11-1560010-0000002-10, 2006; n.b., investigative report II - pro-Japanese anti-national act decisive reasons, p. 257~262 pro-Japanese anti-national act truth close examination committees.

References
  • Kranewitter, Rudolf. (2005). Dynamik der Religion Schamanismus, Konfuzianismus, Buddhismus und Christentum in der Geschichte Koreas von der steinzeitlichen Besiedlung des Landes bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-825-88628-8; OCLC 181472594
  • Leibo, Steven A. (2006). East and Southeast Asia. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. OCLC 61691567
  • Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," in The Ideal Home Educator: a Superb Library of Useful Knowledge. Chicago: Bible House. OCLC 17303311
  • Wells, Kenneth M. (1991). New God, New nation: Protestants and Self-Reconstruction Nationalism in Korea, 1896-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824813383; OCLC 216760168
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