Muhammad ibn Yūsuf al-Warrāq

He spent many years in Kairouan and returned to Cordoba during the reign of Caliph al-Hakam II.

Al-Warrāq wrote for al-Hakam II a series of historical and geographical works on North Africa, none of which have survived whole, although many fragments of his extensive production are preserved in al-Bakri's Book of Roads and Kingdoms from one century later.[2] From the extracts transcribed in al-Bakri's work relying on al-Warrāq, one can conclude that the latter was the first to mix geography and history. Any geographical subject is accompanied by its historical context and a detailed description.[3] Ibn Hazm mentioned that his roots lay in the Berber tribal confederation of the Zenata.[4]