Zunhua
Zunhua (Chinese: 遵化; pinyin: Zūnhuà) is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Tianjin to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. Historic sites include the Eastern Qing Tombs (Qing Dongling).
Zunhua
遵化市 Tsunhwa | |
|---|---|
 The tomb of Empress Dowager Cixi in Zunhua | |
 | |
  Zunhua Location in Hebei | |
| Coordinates (Zunhua municipal government): 40°11′20″N 117°57′58″E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Prefecture-level city | Tangshan |
| Area | |
| • County-level city | 1,521.0 km2 (587.3 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 85.80 km2 (33.13 sq mi) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • County-level city | 794,000 |
| • Urban | 243,200 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Administrative divisions
Zunhua has jurisdiction over 2 subdistricts, 13 towns, and 12 townships.[2]
Subdistricts
Zunhua contains the subdistricts of Huaming Road Subdistrict (华明路街道) and Wenhua Road Subdistrict (文化路街道).[2]
Towns
Zunhua contains the following 13 towns:[2]
- Zunhua (遵化镇)
- Baozidian (堡子店镇)
- Malanyu (马兰峪镇)
- Ping'ancheng (平安城镇)
- Dongxinzhuang (东新庄镇)
- Xindianzi (新店子镇)
- Dangyu (党峪镇)
- Dibeitou (地北头镇)
- Dongjiuzhai (东旧寨镇)
- Tiechang (铁厂镇)
- Sujiawa (苏家洼镇)
- Jianming (建明镇)
- Shimen (石门镇)
Townships
Zunhua contains the following 12 townships, of which, 3 are Manchu ethnic townships:[2][3]
- Xiliucun Township (西留村乡)
- Cuijiazhuang Township (崔家庄乡)
- Xingwangzhai Township (兴旺寨乡)
- Liubeizhai Township (刘备寨乡)
- Tuanpiaozhuang Township (团瓢庄乡)
- Niangniangzhuang Township (娘娘庄乡)
- Xisanli Township (西三里乡)
- Houjiazhai Township (候家寨乡)
- Xiaochang Township (小厂乡)
- Xixiaying Manchu Ethnic Township (西下营满族乡)
- Tangquan Manchu Ethnic Township (汤泉满族乡)
- Dongling Manchu Ethnic Township (东陵满族乡)
Geography
Most of the city's terrain consists of small mountains, hills, and valleys, and a number of rivers, such as the Sha, Li, Lin, and Weijin flow through the city.[2] Significant mountains in Zunhua include Jiufeng Mountain, Taohua Mountain, Wolong Mountain, and Huanghua Mountain.[2]
Climate
| Climate data for Zunhua (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
36.7 (98.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
40.5 (104.9) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
12.1 (53.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −9.9 (14.2) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
6.8 (44.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.7 (−14.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.7 (0.11) |
3.7 (0.15) |
8.2 (0.32) |
22.4 (0.88) |
45.7 (1.80) |
103.5 (4.07) |
219.5 (8.64) |
149.9 (5.90) |
57.0 (2.24) |
31.2 (1.23) |
12.4 (0.49) |
2.9 (0.11) |
659.1 (25.94) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 10.6 | 14.0 | 10.4 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 70.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 13.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 49 | 45 | 42 | 43 | 49 | 61 | 72 | 73 | 67 | 63 | 58 | 53 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 174.6 | 182.7 | 227.3 | 235.7 | 265.3 | 223.9 | 193.4 | 213.2 | 215.0 | 205.0 | 164.8 | 164.2 | 2,465.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 60 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 50 | 43 | 51 | 58 | 60 | 56 | 57 | 56 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
As of 2017, Zunhua had a population of 794,000, of which, 243,200 resided in urban areas.[6] 114,500 people in Zunhua are ethnic minorities, the largest number in Tangshan.[3]
Economy
Zunhua is home to mineral deposits containing minerals such as iron, manganese, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, gold, and dolomite.[2]
Energy
141,100 people in Zunhua have access to natural gas, of which, 90,200 have access to LPG.[6]
Transportation
A number of railways and highways pass through the city.[2]
Road
The following highways pass through Zunhua:[2]
- National Highway 112
- Chengtang Expressway
- Bangkuan Highway
- Zunbao Highway
See also
References
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- 遵化市概况地图_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org. xzqh.org. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- 人口民族 [Population and Ethnicity]. Tangshan Municipal People's Government. 2019-07-15. Archived from the original on 2019-07-28. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
- 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- "China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017". Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/75232.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070819215604/http://www.zunhua.gov.cn:80/enews.cfm?lanmu=liuyou&type=A%20Survey%20of%20Tour%20Business&id=21
- Seventeen die from China gas leak (BBC) - Gas leak at steel plant in Zunhua, December 2008