Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski
Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski (Polish pronunciation: [zɨɡˈmunt vrubˈlɛfskʲi]; 28 October 1845 – 16 April 1888) was a Polish physicist and chemist. Together with Karol Olszewski, he was the first scientist in the world to liquify oxygen and nitrogen in 1883.
Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski | |
|---|---|
 Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski | |
| Born | 28 October 1845 |
| Died | 16 April 1888 (aged 42) |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Alma mater | Kiev University Munich University |
| Known for | condensation liquefaction |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry Physics |
Biography
Wróblewski was born in Grodno (Russian Empire, now in Belarus). He studied at Kiev University. After a six-year exile for participating in the January 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia, he studied in Berlin and Heidelberg. He defended his doctoral dissertation at Munich University in 1876 and became an assistant professor at Strasburg University. In 1880 he became a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.
Wróblewski was introduced to gas condensation in Paris by Professor Caillet at the École Normale Supérieure. When Wróblewski was offered a chair in physics at Jagiellonian University, he accepted it. At Kraków he began studying gases and soon established a collaboration with Karol Olszewski.
While studying carbonic acid, Wróblewski discovered the CO2 hydrate. He reported this finding in 1882.[1][2][3]
On 29 March 1883 Wróblewski and Olszewski used a new method of condensing oxygen, and on 13 April the same year—nitrogen.[4]
Karol Olszewski continued the experiments, using an improved Pictet cascade apparatus, and carbon dioxide, boiling ethylene in vacuum, and boiling nitrogen and boiling air as cooling agents.
He died on 16 April 1888. While studying the physical properties of hydrogen, Wróblewski upset a kerosene lamp and was severely burned. He died soon after at a Kraków hospital and was buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery in Kraków.[5]
In 1976, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) passed a decision to give the name of Wróblewski to one of the craters of the Moon in honour of the chemist.
"In this building
Karol Olszewski and
Zygmunt Wróblewski
professors at Jagiellonian University
in 1883
for the first time in the world liquefied
components of air
thereby opening to science and industry
new fields of research and application"
Books
- Ueber die Diffusion der Gase durch absorbirende Substanzen (On the Diffusion of Gases through Absorbing Substances, 1874)
See also
Notes
- S. Wroblewski (1882 a), "On the combination of carbonic acid and water" (in French), Acad. Sci. Paris, Comptes rendus, 94, pp. 212–213.
- S. Wroblewski (1882 b), "On the composition of the hydrate of carbonic acid" (in French), Acad. Sci. Paris, ibid., pp. 954–958.
- S. Wroblewski (1882 c), "On the laws of solubility of carbonic acid in water at high pressures" (in French), Acad. Sci. Paris, ibid., pp. 1355–1357.
- "A Tribute to Wróblewski and Olszewski" (PDF). Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- "Zygmunt Wróblewski - pierwszy skroplił tlen". Retrieved 29 February 2020.