Bacillus isolates

Bacillus isolates have a variety of biotechnological applications.

Bacillus odysseyi

Nattō-derived
Crystal structure of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto. PDB 4dww[1]

Nattō-derived Bacillus isolates include nootropics pyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine, as well as the anticoagulant enzyme nattokinase.

Biotechnology

Bacillus is utilized in the production of the chemotherapy medicine L-asparaginase. Bacillus subtilis is utilized in the production of hyaluronic acid and α-amylase. Bacillus thuringiensis isolates are utilized as biopesticides.

Bacillus megaterium has been an important industrial organism for decades. It produces penicillin amidase used to make synthetic penicillin, various amylases used in the baking industry and glucose dehydrogenase used in glucose blood tests. B. megaterium is also used for the production of pyruvate, vitamin B12, drugs with fungicidal and antiviral properties, etc.[2] It produces enzymes for modifying corticosteroids, as well as several amino acid dehydrogenases.

Bacillus subtilis can biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. Bacillus badius can be used to cleaves penicillin G to 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA) and phenyl acetic acid (PAA). Certain Bacillus have mycorrhiza-like activity and potential bioremediation applications.

Bacillus isolates are used industrially as nutritional probiotics.[3] Additional Bacillus isolates include gamma-D-Glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase, sonorensin,[4] gamma-cyclodextrin, 2,5-Diketopiperazines, laccases, bacteriocin, paenicidin A, tridecaptin A₁, and paenicidin B.

See also
Wikispecies has information related to Bacillus.

References
  1. Yanagisawa, Y.; Chatake, T.; Chiba-Kamoshida, K.; Naito, S.; Ohsugi, T.; Sumi, H.; Yasuda, I.; Morimoto, Y. (2010). "Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction experiment of nattokinase fromBacillus subtilis natto". Acta Crystallographica Section F. 66 (12): 1670–1673. doi:10.1107/S1744309110043137. PMC 2998380. PMID 21139221.
  2. Vary, S. P. et al. Bacillus megaterium — from simple soil bacterium to industrial protein production host. Appl Microbial Biotechnol 76:957–967 (2007)
  3. Larsen N, Thorsen L, Kpikpi EN, Stuer-Lauridsen B, Cantor MD, Nielsen B, et al. (2014). "Characterization of Bacillus spp. strains for use as probiotic additives in pig feed". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98 (3): 1105–18. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-5343-6. PMID 24201893.
  4. Chopra L, Singh G, Choudhary V, Sahoo DK. Sonorensin: an antimicrobial peptide, belonging to the heterocycloanthracin subfamily of bacteriocins, from a new marine isolate, Bacillus sonorensis MT93. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 May;80(10):2981-90. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04259-13
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