COVID-19 pandemic in Amazonas (Brazilian state)

This article refers to the events that occurred in the state of Amazonas during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The first case was from a 39-year-old woman who had returned from England.[1]

COVID20 pandemia en Amazonia
Municipalities in the state of Amazonas with case numbers per 100,000 inhabitants
Municipalities in the state of Amazonas per notification
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationAmazonas, Brazil
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseManaus
Arrival date13 March 2020[1]
(2 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Confirmed cases232,434[2]
Deaths
6,308[2]

2020

On March 13, 2020, the first exact case confirmed in the state, in the capital Manaus. This was a 39-year-old woman who had returned from London, England.[1] On March 24, the first death caused by the new coronavirus confirmed in Parintins. It was a 49-year-old man with systemic arterial hypertension.[3] On March 30, the second death confirmed in the state, the first in the capital, Manaus. It was the musician Robson de Souza Lopes, the "Binho". He was 43 years old and had been hospitalized since March 20. He was an asthma carrier.[4] On March 21, the governor of Amazonas, Wilson Lima, ordered the closure of bars and restaurants throughout the state to contain the spread of the new coronavirus.[5] On March 24, Governor Wilson Lima authorized research into the use of chloroquine to fight the new coronavirus in patients in the state.[6]

Collapse in Manaus
Hospital 28 de Agosto, in Manaus, the largest emergency hospital complex in the North region.[7]

On April 20, Manaus began to open mass graves in the city's largest cemetery and the images began to resonate throughout Brazil.[8]

On April 24, 2020, Manaus began to record hospital and funeral collapse. In the capital of Amazonas, the intensive care unit (ICU) beds were at maximum capacity, as in Hospital 28 de Agosto, which also had to pile up the corpses. The necroteries of Manaus no longer supported the increased demand and cooling containers were installed outside the hospitals.[9][10][11]

2021

Second wave of COVID-19 and new collapse

On January 12, 2021, Amazonas began to experience an apex in the demand for oxygen that it was unable to supply, and a curfew was decreed.[12][13] Jorge Arreaza, Venezuela's Foreign Minister, following instructions from Nicolás Maduro, offered his country's stock to the government of Amazonas. State Governor Wilson Lima thanked the president of Venezuela on a social network. The first measure of reinforcement with federal participation was the sending of 350 cylinders of oxygen in airplanes of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), between January 8 and 10.[14]

The Secretary of Health of the State of Amazonas made the request to the Federal Government for new oxygen cylinders and towels on January 7, 2021, but almost nothing was done until the lack of the material, making on January 16 the lack of 4,650 cylinders of oxygen and according to the Ministry of Health, 5,000 cubic meters were sent to the region.[15] The Ministry of Health was aware of the possibility of collapse since January 4, 2021.[16]

In a speech in the region on January 11, Eduardo Pazuello said: "It is important that no one has doubts about what the planning is like and what alternatives we have. Yes, the ministry has and will have capacity to meet any demand that fails at a lower level, municipality or state, ministry is prepared for that". But it was about buying syringes, not some plan to deal with the lack of oxygen in the state. The minister even put pressure on the "early treatment" and in a conversation with supporters on January 15, President Jair Bolsonaro tried to take the weight off the Federal Government: "We are always doing what we have to do, right? Problem in Manaus: terrible problem there, now we did our part, with resources, means".[15]

On January 14, 2021, the state decided to transfer a total of 235 patients to other states. They are being transported by FAB planes. According to the Ministry of Health, 149 beds in other cities were prepared and guaranteed immediately: 40 in São Luís (MA), 30 in Teresina (PI), 15 in João Pessoa (PB), 10 in Natal (RN), 20 in Goiânia (GO), 4 in Fortaleza (CE), 10 in Recife (PE) and 20 in the Federal District. The government of Pará informed the availability of 30 beds. The transfer of 61 newborns, babies and pregnant women in the ICU was suspended.[17]

On January 15, 2021, the Workers' Party (PT) and the Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B) went to the Supreme Court and asked Minister Ricardo Lewandowski (reporter of court actions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil) to carry out the lockdown, in addition to other stricter measures to contain the health crisis in the state. According to G1, "The parties reported to the minister that the situation in Amazonas represents an "unconstitutional state of affairs," characterized by "systematic violation of fundamental rights".[18] "The picture presented, therefore, represents a true unconstitutional state of affairs, where the public authorities, especially the federal government, does not fulfill its duty to make effective the fundamental rights and guarantees of the citizens of Amazonia and Manawara, failing to guarantee the basic right to life, as well as health and, ultimately, the very dignity of the human person," the parties affirm in a joint note.[18]

Some people stayed out in the open to try to buy oxygen from a distributor.[19] Senator Eduardo Braga (MDB-AM) filed an emergency request for federal intervention in the Amazon in the area of health.[20]

Statistics

This is the list of municipalities with more confirmed cases:[21]

Position Municipality N.° cases N.° deaths
1 Manaus 9.713 888
2 Manacapuru 1.357 60
3 Tefé 663 32
4 Parintins 580 40
5 Coari 502 35
6 Tabatinga 472 45
7 Santo Antônio do Içá 365 8
8 Itacoatiara 337 33
9 Careiro 309 6
10 Iranduba 302 23
11 Rio Preto da Eva 299 7
12 São Gabriel da Cachoeira 265 12
13 São Paulo de Olivença 243 3
14 Maués 234 20
15 Autazes 232 21
16 Presidente Figueiredo 211 10
17 Boca do Acre 188 1

15 May 2020.

References
  1. "Amazonas confirma 1º caso de Covid-19 e autoridades garantem que rede de assistência está preparada - SUSAM" [Amazonas confirms 1st case of Covid-19 and authorities guarantee that assistance network is prepared - SUSAM] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
  2. "Coronavírus Brasil" (in Brazilian Portuguese).
  3. "Amazonas tem primeira morte por novo coronavírus, diz Susam" [Amazon has first death by new coronavirus, says Susam] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
  4. "Amazonas registra segunda morte pelo novo coronavírus: um músico de 43 anos | Coronavírus" [Amazonas registers second death by the new coronavirus: a 43-year-old musician | Coronavirus] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
  5. "Wilson Lima determina o fechamento de bares e restaurantes para combater a proliferação do novo coronavírus" [Wilson Lima orders closure of bars and restaurants to combat the proliferation of the new coronavirus]. Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  6. "Governador Wilson Lima autoriza pesquisa do uso da cloroquina contra o novo Coronavírus, em pacientes do AM" [Governor Wilson Lima authorizes research on the use of chloroquine against the new Coronavirus, in AM patients]. Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  7. "28 de Agosto vai ser transformado em complexo hospitalar e maternidade" [28 de Agosto will be transformed into a hospital and maternity complex]. Governo do Estado do Amazonas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  8. "Média diária de enterros triplica em Manaus, e prefeitura abre valas comuns em cemitérios públicos" [Average daily burial triples in Manaus, and city hall opens mass graves in public cemeteries]. Jornal Nacional (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-04-21. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  9. "Saiba por que Manaus entrou em rápido colapso com os casos de Covid-19" [Learn why Manaus collapsed quickly with the Covid-19 cases]. Correio Braziliense. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  10. Ullisses Campbell (2020-04-24). "Um retrato do colapso hospitalar em Manaus durante a pandemia" [A portrait of the hospital collapse in Manaus during the pandemic]. Época (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  11. "Em vídeo, funcionário do 28 de Agosto relata contaminação, coação e corte de salário em Manaus" [On video, August 28th official reports contamination, coercion and salary cut in Manaus]. Portal do Holanda (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-04-27. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  12. "Covid-19: Manaus vive colapso com hospitais sem oxigênio, doentes levados a outros estados, cemitérios sem vagas e toque de recolher" [Covid-19: Manaus collapses with hospitals without oxygen, patients taken to other states, cemeteries without vacancies and curfew] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-14. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  13. "Médica de Manaus fala sobre falta de oxigênio em hospital: 'O que vivi hoje nem nos piores pesadelos pensei que poderia acontecer'" [Manaus doctor talks about lack of oxygen in hospital: 'What I lived through today I didn't think could happen even in my worse nightmares'.] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-14. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  14. "Chanceler venezuelano coloca oxigênio à disposição para atender Manaus e governador do Amazonas agradece" [Venezuelan Chancellor makes oxygen available to serve Manaus and governor of Amazonas thanks] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-14. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  15. "AM: Bolsonaro disse ter feito sua parte, mas teve alerta e não evitou crise" [AM: Bolsonaro said he did his part, but he was aware and did not avoid crisis]. 2021-01-16. Archived from the original on 2021-01-16. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  16. "Governo Bolsonaro sabia 10 dias antes de colapso em Manaus e necessidade de transferir pacientes" [Bolsonaro Government knew 10 days before the collapse in Manaus and the need to transfer patients]. Agência Pública (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-18. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  17. "Amazonas transfere 21 pacientes com Covid para outros estados; previsão é levar mais de 200" [Amazonas transfers 21 patients with Covid to other states; it is expected to take more than 200] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-16. Archived from the original on 2021-01-16. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  18. "PT e PCdoB pedem lockdown e outras medidas ao STF para conter crise da saúde no Amazonas" [PT and PCdoB ask STF for lockdown and other measures to contain health crisis in Amazonas] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-15. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  19. "Famílias com doentes em casa madrugam em fila para tentar comprar oxigênio em Manaus" [Families with sick people at home get up in line to try to buy oxygen in Manaus] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-01-16. Archived from the original on 2021-01-16. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  20. "Eduardo Braga pede intervenção federal no Amazonas por colapso na saúde" [Eduardo Braga calls for federal intervention in Amazonas for health collapse]. 2021-01-15. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  21. G1. "Mapa Coronavírus no Brasil – Bem Estar" [Coronavirus Map in Brazil - Bem Estar] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
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