Cigarette burns

Cigarette burns are usually deliberate injuries caused by pressing a lit cigarette to the skin. They are a common form of child abuse[1][2][3] and torture.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] They are typically round and about 1 centimetre (0.4 in) in diameter, with a hypopigmented center and hyperpigmented periphery.[4]

References
  1. Faller-Marquardt, Maria; Pollak, Stefan; Schmidt, Ulrike (April 2008). "Cigarette burns in forensic medicine". Forensic Science International. 176 (2–3): 200–208. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.09.006. PMID 17976935.
  2. Brittain, Charmaine (2006). Understanding the Medical Diagnosis of Child Maltreatment: A Guide for Nonmedical Professionals. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-19-517217-1.
  3. Helfer, Mary Edna; Kempe, Ruth S.; Krugman, Richard D. (1999). The Battered Child. University of Chicago Press. pp. 186–187. ISBN 978-0-226-32623-8.
  4. Peel, Michael; Iacopino, Vincent (2002). The Medical Documentation of Torture. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-84110-068-5.
  5. Lightcap, T. (2011). The Politics of Torture. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-230-33922-4.
  6. "Cigarette burns". DIGNITY - Danish Institute Against Torture. 26 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  7. Vij, Krishan (2011). Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology : Principles and Practice, 5/e. Elsevier India. p. 193. ISBN 978-81-312-2684-1.
  8. Perera, Priyanjith (April 2007). "Scars of torture: A Sri Lankan study". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 14 (3): 138–145. doi:10.1016/j.jcfm.2006.05.001. PMID 16919991.
  9. Danielsen, L; Berger, P (1981). "Torture sequelae located to the skin". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 61 (1): 43–6. PMID 6164213.
  10. Clarysse, K.; Grosber, M.; Ring, J.; Gutermuth, J.; Kivlahan, C. (15 April 2019). "Skin lesions, differential diagnosis and practical approach to potential survivors of torture". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 33 (7): 1232–1240. doi:10.1111/jdv.15439. PMID 30659672.
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