Cytophaga

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose[1] C. hutchinsonii is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the flagellum is not used [2]

Cytophaga
Cytophaga image.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacteroidota
Class:
Cytophagia
Order:
Cytophagales
Family:
Cytophagaceae
Genus:
Cytophaga

Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)
Species

C. hutchinsonii
C. psychrophila

Species

The following are some species in Cytophaga:

  • Cytophaga psychrophila — causes peduncle or cold water disease in Brook trout; predisposed by subnormal water temperature.
  • Cytophaga hutchinsonii — aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that C. hutchinsonii has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes.[3]

Species Previously Classified in Cytophaga:
  • Flavobacterium columnare (previously: Cytophaga columnaris) — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, as associated with increased water temperature; it is characterized by white necrotic plaques overlaying skin ulcers; formerly called: Flexibacter columnaris.
  • Flavobacterium johnsoniae (previously: Cytophaga johnsonae) — associated with false columnaris disease.
  • Breznibacter xylanoticus (previously: Cytophaga xylanolytica) — a gliding bacteria that dominates xylan degradation in freshwater environments [4][5]

References
  1. Home - Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/cythu/cythu.home.html
  2. Home - Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/cythu/cythu.home.html
  3. Zhu, Yongtao; McBride, Mark (2014). "Deletion of the Cytophaga hutchinsonii type IX secretion system gene sprP results in defects in glinding motility and cellulose utilization". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98 (2): 763–755. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-5355-2. PMID 24257839. S2CID 7288131.
  4. García-López, Marina; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Tindall, Brian J.; Gronow, Sabine; Woyke, Tanja; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Hahnke, Richard L.; Göker, Markus (2019). "Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2083. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02083. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 6767994. PMID 31608019.
  5. Haack, Sheridan Kidd; Breznak, John A. (1993-01-01). "Cytophaga xylanolytica sp. nov., a xylan-degrading, anaerobic gliding bacterium". Archives of Microbiology. 159 (1): 6–15. doi:10.1007/BF00244257. ISSN 1432-072X. S2CID 21521895.
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