DaT scan

DaT Scan (DaT scan or Dopamine Transporter Scan) commonly refers to a diagnostic method to investigate if there is a loss of dopaminergic neurons in striatum. The term may also refer to a brand name of Ioflupane (123I) which is used for the study. The scan principle is based on use of the radiopharmaceutical Ioflupane (123I) which binds to dopamine transporters (DaT).[1] The signal from them is then detected by the use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) which uses special gamma-cameras to create a pictographic representation of the distribution of dopamine transporters in the brain.[2]

DaTSCAN is indicated in cases of tremor in patients, when we are not sure about its origin. Although this method can distinguish essential tremor from Parkinson's syndrome, it is unable to show us if the problem is Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy or progressive supranuclear palsy.

Its main advantage is that DaTSCAN is able to diagnose Parkinson´s disease much earlier – in stage of 30% loss of the dopamine brain cells instead of 80-90%,[3] when the symptoms are already so visible, that we can be sure about the diagnosis. The earlier diagnosis, the earlier treatment with better results.

Striatum
Dopamine Pathways
Dopamine D2 receptors
Gamma-camera

Procedure

At the beginning a patient should take two iodine tablets and wait for one hour. These pills are highly important, because they prevent the accumulation of radioactive substances in thyroid gland. After one hour, the patient gets an injection to shoulder, which contain the radiopharmaceutical and then he has to wait for 4 hours. The concentration of the substance increases and then it is scanned by gamma-camera, which is located around his head. Whole examination lasts about 30–45 minutes and it is non-invasive.

If a patient use some of the medication listed below, it is necessary to stop the using few days or weeks before the DaTSCAN, but just after a consultation with his doctor.

The examination takes just a few hours, so patients needn´t to stay in a hospital overnight, but they have to drink much more than they are used to and go to the toilet more often. It is important for a fast elimination of the radioactive substances from the body.

Contraindications
  • pregnancy
  • breast-feeding
  • severe renal or hepatic insuficience
  • allergy to iodine substances
  • some kind of medication – stimulants or noradrenalin and some antidepressants

Differential Diagnosis

See also

References
  1. "DaTSCAN Summary of Product Characteristics" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. GE Healthcare. 25 July 2019.
  2. Djang, D. S. W.; Janssen, M. J. R.; Bohnen, N.; Booij, J.; Henderson, T. A.; Herholz, K.; Minoshima, S.; Rowe, C. C.; Sabri, O.; Seibyl, J.; Van Berckel, B. N. M.; Wanner, M. (1 January 2012). "SNM Practice Guideline for Dopamine Transporter Imaging with 123I-Ioflupane SPECT 1.0". Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 53 (1): 154–163. doi:10.2967/jnumed.111.100784. PMID 22159160.
  3. "DaTscan, new drug help with early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease - St. Petersburg Times". Archived from the original on 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
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