Familial episodic pain syndrome

Familial episodic pain syndrome, also known simply as FEPS, is a group of rare genetic peripheral neuropathies which are characterized by recurrent random episodes of intense pain which occur most often in the upper or lower parts of the body occurring in several members of the same family. They are often triggered by cold temperatures, physical exercise, fatigue, etc. It may or may not get better with age.[1][2][3]

Familial episodic pain syndrome
Other namesFEPS
SpecialtyMedical genetics, Neurology
SymptomsIntense episodic pain occurring within people of the same families.
ComplicationsWalking impairment.
Usual onsetDepends on the type
TypesFEPS type 1, 2 and 3.
CausesAutosomal dominant genetic mutation
PreventionNone
TreatmentAnalgesics, anti-inflammatory medication.
PrognosisMedium
Frequencyvery rare, around 16 families have been described in medical literature.
Deaths-

Types

This disorder is distributed into three types:

FEPS Type 1

This type of familial episodic pain syndrome is characterized by infancy-onset intense and debilitating upper-body episodic pain. It's caused by mutations in the TRPA1 gene, in chromosome 8. It was first described in 2010 by Kremeyer et al. in 21 affected members from a large 4-generation Colombian family. Transmission is autosomal dominant.[4][5]

FEPS Type 2

This type of familial episodic pain syndrome is characterized by adult-onset episodic paroxysmal pain in the distal lower limbs (feet). It's caused by mutations in the SCN10A gene, in chromosome 3. It was first described in 2012 by Faber et al in a 2-generation family (a man and his son), the proband developed episodic burning, intense pain in his feet at the age of 57 while his son developed it at the age of 39. Transmission is autosomal dominant.[6][7]

FEPS Type 3

This type of familial episodic pain syndrome is characterized by childhood-onset intense episodic pain on the lower and sometimes upper extremities, this pain typically lasts days and can be treated with anti-inflammatory medication, the pain episodes tend to lower in severity with age. It is caused by mutations in the SCN11A gene, in chromosome 3. It has been described in 13 and 10 members from two large Chinese families and 12 un-related patients. Transmission is autosomal dominant.[8][9]

References
  1. "Familial episodic pain syndrome", Definitions, Qeios, 2020-02-10, doi:10.32388/exg6dr, S2CID 240859221, retrieved 2022-06-03
  2. RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Familial episodic pain syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  3. "Familial episodic pain syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  4. "OMIM Entry - # 615040 - EPISODIC PAIN SYNDROME, FAMILIAL, 1; FEPS1". omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  5. Kremeyer, Barbara; Lopera, Francisco; Cox, James J.; Momin, Aliakmal; Rugiero, Francois; Marsh, Steve; Woods, C. Geoffrey; Jones, Nicholas G.; Paterson, Kathryn J.; Fricker, Florence R.; Villegas, Andrés (2010-06-10). "A gain-of-function mutation in TRPA1 causes familial episodic pain syndrome". Neuron. 66 (5): 671–680. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.030. ISSN 1097-4199. PMC 4769261. PMID 20547126.
  6. "OMIM Entry - # 615551 - EPISODIC PAIN SYNDROME, FAMILIAL, 2; FEPS2". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  7. Faber, Catharina G.; Lauria, Giuseppe; Merkies, Ingemar S. J.; Cheng, Xiaoyang; Han, Chongyang; Ahn, Hye-Sook; Persson, Anna-Karin; Hoeijmakers, Janneke G. J.; Gerrits, Monique M.; Pierro, Tiziana; Lombardi, Raffaella (2012-11-20). "Gain-of-function Nav1.8 mutations in painful neuropathy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (47): 19444–19449. doi:10.1073/pnas.1216080109. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3511073. PMID 23115331.
  8. "OMIM Entry - # 615552 - EPISODIC PAIN SYNDROME, FAMILIAL, 3; FEPS3". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
  9. Zhang, Xiang Yang; Wen, Jingmin; Yang, Wei; Wang, Cheng; Gao, Luna; Zheng, Liang Hong; Wang, Tao; Ran, Kaikai; Li, Yulei; Li, Xiangyang; Xu, Ming (2013-11-07). "Gain-of-function mutations in SCN11A cause familial episodic pain". American Journal of Human Genetics. 93 (5): 957–966. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.016. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 3824123. PMID 24207120.
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