Health Resources and Services Administration

HRSA funds almost 1,400 health center grantees that operate more than 10,400 clinics and mobile medical vans. Health centers deliver primary and preventive care to over 16 million low-income patients in every state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and U.S. possessions in the Pacific.

HRSA's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program provides primary care, support services and antiretroviral drugs for about 530,000 low-income people. The program also funds training, technical assistance and demonstration projects designed to slow the spread of the epidemic in high-risk populations. These services avert more costly in-patient care and improve the quality of life for those living with the virus.

HRSA administers a broad range of programs for pregnant women, mothers, infants, children, adolescents and their families, and children with special health care requirements. The largest of the programs, the Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant to States, supports local efforts to reduce infant mortality and childhood illness and control costs associated with poor pre- and neo-natal care. The Block Grant includes State Formula Block Grants, Special Projects of Regional and National Significance (SPRANS), and Community Integrated Service Systems (CISS) projects. Other vital missions include Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, Traumatic Brain Injury, Healthy Start, Sickle Cell Service Demonstrations, Family to Family Health Information Centers, Emergency Medical Services for Children, and autism.

Among the most successful public health initiatives in U.S. history, HRSA's Maternal and infant health programs annually serve more than 34 million people.

In order to make health care more accessible for the 60 million residents of rural America, HRSA funds programs that integrate and streamline existing rural health care institutions and aid in the recruitment and retention of physicians in rural hospitals and clinics. HRSA's telehealth program uses information technology to link isolated rural practitioners to medical institutions over great distances. Many of these activities are designed and operated out of the Agency's Office of Rural Health Policy.

The agency strives to ensure a health care workforce that is diverse, well-trained and adequately distributed throughout the nation. In exchange for financial assistance through National Health Service Corps scholarships and student loan repayment programs, more than 28,000 clinicians have served in some of the most economically deprived and geographically isolated communities in America over the past 35 years.

HRSA oversees the nation's organ and tissue donation and transplantation systems,[6]"New Transplants Are Changing Lives". University Wire May 22, 2018.</ref> by way of supervising the work of the United Network for Organ Sharing, a nonprofit organization that is contracted to run the complex organ and tissue donation and transplantation system in the U.S.[7][8]

HRSA oversees a drug discount program for certain safety-net health care providers.[9]

HRSA also supports the nation's poison control centers and vaccine injury compensation programs, which distribute awards to individuals and families who have been injured by certain vaccines, after proving it to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The awards come from a trust fund that is funded by an excise tax on all vaccines. Whenever anyone gets a vaccine, there is a $.75 excise tax. The fund currently has almost $4 billion available (as of September 2019)[10] for compensations to petitioners and for attorneys fees and costs of the program.[11]

Most of HRSA's bureaus have predecessors within the Public Health Service (PHS) Bureau of Medical Services or the Community Health Divisions of the Bureau of State Services; these were two of the three principal operating agencies of PHS from 1943 to 1966.[12][13] During the U.S. Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973, these were both absorbed into the short-lived Health Services and Mental Health Administration (HSMHA), which was formed in 1968 to bring together most of the Public Health Service's divisions other than its research and environmental health programs.[14][15] The goal was to coordinate divisions with similar focus with a holistic rather than fragmented approach;[16][17] however, it came to be seen as large and unwieldy.[18][19]

In 1973, HSMHA was abolished and split into four parts: the Center for Disease Control and National Institute of Mental Health were spun off within PHS, and the remaining functions were split between the newly established Health Services Administration and Health Resources Administration.[15] The Health Services Administration inherited the system of hospitals that descended from PHS's founding in 1798.[14][15][20]

A few of HRSA's programs have origins outside PHS, though. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau originates from a 1969 split of the Children's Bureau, with its special projects, training, and research programs moving into PHS.[21] The Bureau of Primary Health Care's system of Community Health Centers were initially part of the Office of Economic Opportunity, but were moved into the PHS in 1974.[22][23]

HRSA was established on October 1, 1982, when the Health Resources Administration and the Health Services Administration were merged.[15][1] Dr. Robert Graham was the first administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration.[24]

In November 2019, Thomas Engels was appointed administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration,[25] replacing administrator George Sigounas. Engels left the post on January 20, 2021.[26]

On January 20, 2021, the incoming Biden administration named Deputy Administrator Diana Espinosa, a career civil servant, to serve as Acting Administrator until a permanent successor is named.[26] On December 17, 2021 it was announced that Carole Johnson (health official) would be named as Administrator, having previously served as testing coordinator on the White House COVID-19 Response Team.[27] Johnson took up her administrator role in the first week of January 2022.[28]

On August 1 of 2022, the HRSA vaccine injury database revealed that 6,088 claims had been made for injuries/deaths attributed to the COVID-19 vaccination, only a very small number of which had been denied, but no payouts had yet occurred. Any payout resulting from the remaining granted claims will automatically trigger a Congressional review of the PREP Act's medical fraud section, as vaccines were certified to Congress as being "safe and effective."[29][30] In addition, under the 1986 Healthcare Quality Improvement Act, Congress is responsible for reviewing the HRSA vaccine injury database every three years.[31]