Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis

Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide.[1] It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities[2][3] Due to the lack of light in these environments this is predominant over photosynthesis[4]

Giant tube worms use bacteria in their trophosome to fix carbon dioxide (using hydrogen sulfide as their energy source) and produce sugars and amino acids.[5] Some reactions produce sulfur:

hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis:[1]
18H2S + 6CO2 + 3O2 → C6H12O6 (carbohydrate) + 12H2O + 18S

Instead of releasing oxygen gas while fixing carbon dioxide as in photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis produces solid globules of sulfur in the process. In bacteria capable of chemoautotrophy (a form a chemosynthesis), such as purple sulfur bacteria,[6] yellow globules of sulfur are present and visible in the cytoplasm.

References
  1. "Chemolithotrophy | Boundless Microbiology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  2. Bernardino, Angelo F.; Levin, Lisa A.; Thurber, Andrew R.; Smith, Craig R. (2012). "Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e33515. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...733515B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033515. PMC 3319539. PMID 22496753.
  3. "Hydrothermal Vents". Marine Society of Australia. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  4. Kádár E, Costa V, Santos RS, Powell JJ (July 2006). "Tissue partitioning of micro-essential metals in the vent bivalve Bathymodiolus azoricus and associated organisms (endosymbiont bacteria and a parasite polychaete) from geochemically distinct vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge". Journal of Sea Research. 56 (1): 45–52. Bibcode:2006JSR....56...45K. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2006.01.002.
  5. Biotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource Recovery. Springer. 2013. p. 179. ISBN 978-81-322-0876-1.
  6. The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Hunter, C. Neil. Dordrecht: Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4020-8814-8. OCLC 304494953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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