Infracyanine green

Infracyanine green (IFCG) is a cyanine dye used in medical diagnostics especially in ophthalmology. Unlike Indocyanine green (ICG) it is an iodine free dye.

Properties

Pharmacological properties of infracyanine green are similar to ICG.[1] Since IFCG is iodine free, instead of ICG, it is used in patients with iodine allergy.[2] It has a peak spectral absorption between 600 nm to 700 nm.[3] IFCG can be dissolved in 5% glucose solution instead of pure water, which makes it less cytotoxic in macular applications.[4]

Uses

Infracyanine green which stains the Internal limiting membrane layer of retina,[5] is used to see structures to be removed during vitreoretinal surgery.[6]

Toxicity

At a concentration above 0.05% IFCG may induce acute and chronic toxicities.[6] But the retinal phototoxicity caused by IFCG is lesser compared to Indocyanine green.[3]

References
  1. Saxena, Sandeep; Meyer, Carsten H.; Ohji, Masahito; Akduman, Levent (2011-10-25). Vitreoretinal Surgery. JP Medical Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5025-579-7.
  2. Dithmar, S. (2008). Fluorescence angiography in ophthalmology. Frank G. Holz. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-540-79401-1. OCLC 288578300.
  3. Jackson, Timothy; Vote, Brendan; Knight, Bruce; El-Amir, Ahmed; Stanford, Miles; Marshall, John (2004-11-01). "Safety Testing of Infracyanine Green Using Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Glial Cell Cultures". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 45 (10): 3697–703. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0387. PMID 15452079.
  4. Alander, Jarmo T.; Kaartinen, Ilkka; Laakso, Aki; Pätilä, Tommi; Spillmann, Thomas; Tuchin, Valery V.; Venermo, Maarit; Välisuo, Petri (2012-04-22). "A Review of Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Imaging in Surgery". International Journal of Biomedical Imaging. 2012: e940585. doi:10.1155/2012/940585. ISSN 1687-4188. PMC 3346977. PMID 22577366.
  5. "Chromovitrectomy - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. Retrieved 2022-04-10.
  6. Kodjikian, L.; Richter, T.; Halberstadt, M.; Beby, F.; Flueckiger, F.; Boehnke, M.; Garweg, J. G. (September 2005). "Toxic effects of indocyanine green, infracyanine green, and trypan blue on the human retinal pigmented epithelium". Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 243 (9): 917–925. doi:10.1007/s00417-004-1121-6. ISSN 0721-832X. PMID 15834606. S2CID 35819267.


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