Maternal mortality ratio

The maternal mortality ratio is a key performance indicator (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Often referred to as MMR, it is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). It is not to be confused with the maternal mortality rate, which is the number of maternal deaths (direct and indirect) in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age during the same time period.[1] The statistics are gathered by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division.[2] The yearly report started in 1990 and is called Trends in Maternal Mortality.[2] As of the 2015 data published in 2016, the countries that have seen an increase in the maternal mortality ratio since 1990 are the Bahamas, Georgia, Guyana, Jamaica, Dem. People’s Rep. Korea, Serbia, South Africa, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, United States, Venezuela, RB Zimbabwe. But according to Sustainable Development Goals report 2018,[3] the overall maternal mortality ratio has declined by 37 percent since 2002. Nearly 303,000 women died due to complications during pregnancy.

With an exceptionally high mortality ratio compared to other U.S. states, the government of Texas created the Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force in 2013.[4][5]

Country measurements

The Maternal Mortality Ratio is one of the KPIs for the seventeen goals defined by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030.

This KPI was used for the Millennium Development Goals from 2000 to 2015 and is part of the Sustainable Development Goals. The list of countries with a comparison of this KPI in 1990, 2000 and 2015 are:

Country199020002015
Afghanistan1,3401,100396
Albania714329
Algeria216170140
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola1,160924477
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina726052
Armenia584025
Aruba
Australia896
Austria854
Azerbaijan644825
Bahamas, The466180
Bahrain262115
Bangladesh569399176
Barbados584827
Belarus33264
Belgium997
Belize545328
Benin576572405
Bermuda
Bhutan945423148
Bolivia425334206
Bosnia and Herzegovina281711
Botswana243311129
Brazil1046644
British Virgin Islands
Brunei Darussalam353123
Bulgaria252111
Burkina Faso727547371
Burundi1,220954712
Cabo Verde2568342
Cambodia1,020484161
Cameroon728750596
Canada797
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic1,2901,200882
Chad1,4501,370856
Channel Islands
Chile573122
China975827
Colombia1189764
Comoros635499335
Congo, Dem. Rep.879874693
Congo, Rep.603653442
Costa Rica433825
Côte d'Ivoire745671645
Croatia10118
Cuba584339
Curaçao
Cyprus16157
Czech Republic1474
Denmark1196
Djibouti517401229
Dominica
Dominican Republic1987992
Ecuador18510364
Egypt, Arab Rep.1066333
El Salvador1578454
Equatorial Guinea1,310702342
Eritrea1,590733501
Estonia42269
Ethiopia1,250897353
Faroe Islands
Fiji634230
Finland653
France13128
French Polynesia
Gabon422405291
Gambia, The1,030887706
Georgia343736
Germany1186
Ghana634467319
Gibraltar
Greece543
Greenland
Grenada412927
Guam
Guatemala20517888
Guinea1,040976679
Guinea-Bissau907800549
Guyana171210229
Haiti625505359
Honduras272133129
Hong Kong SAR, China
Hungary241517
Iceland753
India556374174
Indonesia446265126
Iran, Islamic Rep.1235125
Iraq1076350
Ireland1198
Isle of Man
Israel1185
Italy854
Jamaica798989
Japan14105
Jordan1107758
Kazakhstan786512
Kenya687759510
Kiribati23416690
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.7512882
Korea, Rep.211611
Kosovo
Kuwait774
Kyrgyz Republic807476
Lao PDR905546197
Latvia483018
Lebanon744215
Lesotho629649487
Liberia1,5001,270725
Libya39179
Liechtenstein
Lithuania291610
Luxembourg121310
Macao SAR, China
Macedonia14128
Madagascar778536353
Malawi957890634
Malaysia795840
Maldives67716368
Mali1,010834587
Malta13159
Marshall Islands
Mauritania859813602
Mauritius814053
Mexico907738
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.183153100
Moldova514923
Monaco
Mongolia18616144
Montenegro10117
Morocco317221121
Mozambique1,390915489
Myanmar453308178
Namibia338352265
Nauru
Nepal901548258
Netherlands12147
New Caledonia
New Zealand181211
Nicaragua173202150
Niger873794553
Nigeria1,3501,170814
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway775
Oman302017
Pakistan431306178
Palau
Panama1028294
Papua New Guinea470342215
Paraguay150158132
Peru25114068
Philippines152124114
Poland1783
Portugal171310
Puerto Rico262214
Qatar292413
Romania1245131
Russian Federation635725
Rwanda1,3001,020290
Samoa1569351
San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe330222156
Saudi Arabia462312
Senegal540488315
Serbia141717
Seychelles
Sierra Leone2,6302,6501,360
Singapore121810
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Slovak Republic1186
Slovenia12129
Solomon Islands364214114
Somalia1,2101,080732
South Africa10885138
South Sudan1,7301,310789
Spain655
Sri Lanka755730
St. Kitts and Nevis441457
St. Lucia455448
St. Martin (French part)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines587445
Sudan744544311
Suriname127259155
Swaziland635586389
Sweden854
Switzerland875
Syrian Arab Republic1237368
Tajikistan1076832
Tanzania997842398
Thailand402520
Timor-Leste1,080694215
Togo568491368
Tonga7597124
Trinidad and Tobago906263
Tunisia1318462
Turkey977916
Turkmenistan825942
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda687620343
Ukraine463424
United Arab Emirates1786
United Kingdom10129
United States121228
Uruguay373115
Uzbekistan543436
Vanuatu22514478
Venezuela, RB949095
Vietnam1398154
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza1187245
Yemen, Rep.547440385
Zambia577541224
Zimbabwe440590443

[6]

List of aggregated data by region

Region19902015
World385216
Arab World289156
Caribbean small states9499
Central Europe and the Baltics4111
East Asia & Pacific15959
Euro area116
Europe & Central Asia4416
European Union188

List of aggregated data by focus subject

Focus subject19902015
Fragile and conflict affected situations792481
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)957482
Latin America & Caribbean13567
Least developed countries: UN classification903436
Middle East & North Africa16681
North America1113
OECD members3214
Other small states538316
Pacific island small states17675
Small states428272
South Asia558182
Sub-Saharan Africa987547
High income1510
Low & middle income425237
Low income1,010496
Lower middle income533251
Middle income349180
Upper middle income11454

See also

References

  1. Maternal Mortality Ratio vs Maternal Mortality Rate Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine on Population Research Institute website
  2. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) on website of The World Bank
  3. "Decline in Maternal Mortality Rate".
  4. US Maternal Health Profile on WHO website
  5. Senate Bill 495, 83rd Legislature, Regular Session, 2013
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December, 2017. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2016, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on May 30, 2018 9:11:06 AM
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