Milkweed yellows phytoplasma

Milkweed yellows phytoplasma is a strain of phytoplasma in the class Mollicutes,[1] a class of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall. The phytoplasma strain is denoted by the acronym MW1.

Milkweed yellows phytoplasma
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Mycoplasmatota
Class: Mollicutes
Order: Acholeplasmatales
Family: Acholeplasmataceae
Genus: Candidatus Phytoplasma
Species:
Milkweed yellows phytoplasma
Binomial name
Milkweed yellows phytoplasma

Like all phytoplasmas, milkweed yellows phytoplasma is an obligate intracellular parasite, that is, it can not live outside of host cells. It spreads by means of an insect vector, the identity of which is unknown. In general, phytoplasmas spread via leafhoppers and other sap-sucking insects that transmit the pathogen from one host plant to another.[2]

Taxonomy

In 1994, two strains of phytoplasmas that infect the common milkweed Asclepias syriaca (denoted MW1 and MW2) were shown to be members of the X-disease group (16Sr group III).[3] Milkweed yellows phytoplasma (MW1) was later found to be a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'-related strain of phytoplasma belonging to subgroup F (16SrIII-F).[4] Other phytoplasmas in subgroup 16SrIII-F include Vaccinium witches' broom phytoplasma (VAC, VacWB) and potato purple top phytoplasma (AKpot7). As of November 2021, milkweed yellows phytoplasma has not been formally described.

Milkweed yellows
milkweed yellows
Common namesnone
Causal agents'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'-related strain MW1, subgroup 16SrIII-F
HostsAsclepias syriaca, Catharanthus roseus
Vectorsunknown
EPPO CodePHYP20
DistributionEurope, United States
Treatmentunknown

Milkweed yellows is an infectious disease of milkweeds caused by the milkweed yellows phytoplasma. Other diseases caused by pathogens in subgroup 16SrIII-F include Vaccinium witches' broom, potato purple top, and a greening disorder of Trillium grandiflorum and other Trillium species.[4][5]

Hosts

The common milkweed Asclepias syriaca and the periwinkle Catharanthus roseus are known plant hosts for milkweed yellows phytoplasma.[6][7] The insect host species for milkweed yellows is not known.

See also
  • Aster yellows
  • Elm yellows
  • Grapevine yellows

Bibliography
  • Griffiths, H. M.; Gundersen, D. E.; Sinclair, W. A.; Lee, I.-M.; Davis, R. E. (1994). "Mycoplasmalike organisms from milkweed, goldenrod, and spirea represent two new 16S rRNA subgroups and three new strain subclusters related to peach X-disease MLOs". Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16 (4): 255–260. doi:10.1080/07060669409500728.

References
  1. "Milkweed yellows phytoplasma (PHYP20)". EPPO Global Database. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. Candeias, Matt (June 1, 2021). "When Trillium Flowers Go Green". In Defense of Plants. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  3. Griffiths et al. (1994).
  4. Davis, R.E.; Zhao, Y.; Dally, E.L.; Lee, I.M.; Jomantiene, R.; Douglas, S.M. (2013). "'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni', a novel taxon associated with X-disease of stone fruits, Prunus spp.: multilocus characterization based on 16S rRNA, secY, and ribosomal protein genes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 63 (Pt 2): 766–776. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.041202-0. PMID 22798643.
  5. Arocha-Rosete, Y.; Morales-Lizcano, N.P.; Hasan, A.; Yoshioka, K.; Moeder, W.; Michelutti, R.; Satta, E.; Bertaccini, A.; Scott, J. (2016). "First report of the identification of a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'-related strain in Trillium species in Canada". New Disease Reports. 34: 19. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2016.034.019.
  6. Valiunas, D.; Samuitiene, M.; Rasomavicius, V.; Navalinskiene, M.; Staniulis, J.; Davis, R.E. (2007). "Subgroup 16SrIII-F phytoplasma strains in an invasive plant, Heracleum sosnowskyi, and an ornamental, Dictamnus Albus". Journal of Plant Pathology. 89 (1): 137–140. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  7. "Summary of Milkweed yellows phytoplasma, Strain MW1, version 25.0". biocyc.org. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
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