Mink enteritis virus

Mink enteritis virus (MEV) is a strain of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1[1] that infects mink and causes enteritis. Like all parvoviruses, it is a small (18–26 nm), spherical virus, and has a single-stranded DNA genome. The signs and symptoms of enteritis usually appear within 4–7 days after infection. The virus replicates in the cells of the crypt epithelium in the duodenum and jejunum and, to a lesser extent the ileum, colon and caecum. The severity of the disease is directly related to necrosis of the crypt epithelium.[2]

Mink enteritis virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cossaviricota
Class: Quintoviricetes
Order: Piccovirales
Family: Parvoviridae
Genus: Protoparvovirus
Species:
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1
Virus:
Mink enteritis virus

Virus enteritis of mink was recognized first in 1947 when epizootics occurred among ranch mink in southern Canada. The disease subsequently spread to the United States[3] and Europe.[4]

Types

There are at least three types of MEV. From an antigen perspective, MEV-1 is indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), so it's usually identified by the host it's isolated from. MEV-2 is similar to a blue fox parvovirus.[5]

Signs and symptoms

Clinical signs include anorexia, vomiting and severe diarrhoea. Stools of affected animals usually contain large quantities of mucus and intestinal casts or "plugs" composed of fibrin, mucus and dead cells from intestinal mucosa. In immature animals, anorexia and diarrhoea usually occur about four days after exposure to infectious material and persist for four to seven days. However, infections have been reported in which anorexia was followed by death in 12 to 24 hours without the occurrence of diarrhoea. Mortality of 80 percent or more is possible in newly weaned kits. Mature mink often survive the disease after a period of sickness which may last several weeks. In addition to the overt signs a reduction of the number of leukocytes in the blood may be found in affected animals.[3]

Treatment

Treatment consists of oral rehydration therapy in addition to supportive care. Surgical removal of necrotic tissue may be necessary.

See also

References
  1. "ICTV 9th Report (2011) Parvoviridae" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 9 January 2019. List of species in the genus Parvovirus Feline panleukopenia virus Mink enteritis virus Abashiri [D00765] (MEV) Species names are in italic script; names of isolates and strains are in roman script.
  2. Collier, Leslie; Balows, Albert; Sussman Max (1998) Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections ninth edition, Volume 1, Virology, volume editors: Mahy, Brian and Collier, Leslie. p. 268 Arnold. ISBN 0-340-66316-2
  3. Reynolds HA (April 1969). "Some clinical and hematological features of virus enteritis of mink". Can. J. Comp. Med. 33 (2): 155–9. PMC 1319402. PMID 4238566.
  4. Flagstad A (1977). "Feline panleukopaenia virus and mink enteritis virus. A serological study". Acta Vet. Scand. 18 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1186/BF03548459. PMC 8377650. PMID 66862. S2CID 231672110.
  5. Ikeda Y, Nakamura K, Miyazawa T, Takahashi E, Mochizuki M (April 2002). "Feline host range of canine parvovirus: recent emergence of new antigenic types in cats". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 341–6. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010228. PMC 2730235. PMID 11971764.
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