Mycobacterium orygis

Mycobacterium orygis is a species of the tuberculosis complex of the genus Mycobacterium. It causes tuberculosis in oryx, rhinos, dairy cattle, rhesus monkeys, and humans.

Mycobacterium orygis
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycobacterium
Species:
M. orygis
Binomial name
Mycobacterium orygis

Morphology

Mycobacterium orygis is similar in morphology to species in the tuberculosis complex of Mycobacterium. It is a non-motile, acid fast bacterium. The cell walls are composed primarily of Mycolic acids. The cells are irregular rods, 0.3–0.5 um in diameter and 2–3 um in length.[1]

Metabolism

Mycobacterium orygis is an obligate aerobe, and a facultative intracellular pathogen. It has a doubling time of 15–20 hours within cells, and longer when outside cells. Mycobacterium orygis uses the host's cells internal fatty acids for both a carbon source and an energy source. These molecules include cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and glycosphingolipids. The optimum growing range for this species is 32 degrees Celsius.[1][2]

Genome

Strain 51145, obtained from a human diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis in 1997, has a 4.4 Mbp genome, 4032 genes and a GC content of 65.6%.[3]

Causative agent of tuberculosis

This species is a pathogen of oryx, deer, dairy cattle, rhesus monkeys, and humans. It is internationally spread as of 2021. It is a threat to the greater one-horned rhinoceros, which is considered vulnerable by the ICUN. It can present as respiratory and neurological disease, and forms granulomas which can cause severe health problems and death.[4]

References
  1. "Tuberculosis". textbookofbacteriology.net. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  2. van Ingen, J., Rahim, Z., Mulder, A., Boeree, M. J., Simeone, R., Brosch, R., & van Soolingen, D. (2012). Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis as M. tuberculosis Complex Subspecies. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(4), 653–655. https://doi-org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.3201/eid1804.110888
  3. Rufai, S. et al. Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium orygis strain 51145. American Society for Microbiology: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.01279-20
  4. David M. Love, Michael M. Garner, Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, Alina Sikar-Gang, Daniel S. Bradway, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Michele Miller, and Jan Ramer "TUBERCULOSIS CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM ORYGIS IN A GREATER ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS (RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS): FIRST REPORT IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE," Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(4), 1000-1004, (9 January 2020). https://doi.org/10.1638/2018-0084
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