Near point

In visual perception, the near point is the closest point at which an object can be placed and still form a focused image on the retina, within the eye's accommodation range. The other limit to the eye's accommodation range is the far point.

This article is about a measure of an individual's ability to see close (near) objects as clear and in focus. For the near point of convergence, see Vergence § Convergence.

A normal eye is considered to have a near point at about 11 cm (4.3 in) for a thirty year old.[1] The near point is highly age dependent (see accommodation). A person with hyperopia or presbyopia would have a near point that is farther than normal.

Sometimes, near point is given in diopters (see Presbyopia § Mechanism), which refers to the inverse of the distance. For example a normal eye would have a near point of .

Vision correction

A person with hyperopia has a near point further than comfortable, (i.e. 25 cm) NP > 25 cm, and hence is unable to bring an object 25 cm away into sharp focus. A corrective lens can be used to correct hyperopia by imaging an object at distance D = 25 cm onto a virtual image at the patient's near point.[2] From the thin lens formula, the required lens will have optical power P given by[3][4]

.

The calculation can be further improved by taking into account the distance between the spectacle lens and the human eye, which is usually about 1.5 cm:

.

For example, if a person has NP = 1 m, then the optical power needed is P = +3.24 diopters where one diopter is the reciprocal of one meter.

References
  1. Duane, Alexander (1922). "Studies in Monocular and Binocular Accommodation with their Clinical Applications". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 5 (11): 865–877. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(22)90793-7.
  2. Keeports, David (2016). "Fix your own vision". The Physics Teacher. 54 (6): 375–376. doi:10.1119/1.4961187. ISSN 0031-921X.
  3. "Vision Correction | Physics". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  4. Goyal, Ashish; Bopardikar, Ajit; Tiwari, Vijay Narayan (2018). "Estimation of Spherical Refractive Errors Using Virtual Reality Headset". 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). Honolulu, HI: IEEE: 4976. doi:10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513209. ISBN 978-1-5386-3646-6.
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