Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome

Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome
Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome
	This condition is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner.
Specialty	Medical genetics

Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder.[1]

Presentation

The incidence of this condition is less than 1 per million. It is primarily only found in females. Its highly rare in males, but some males were born with it. Teeth with large roots (radiculomegaly), heart defects and small eyes (microphthalmia) are the characteristic triad found in this syndrome.

Typical features of the condition include:

Face
- Deep set eyes
- Broad nasal tip divided by a cleft
Eyes
- Microphthalmia (small eyes)
- Early cataracts
- Glaucoma
Teeth
- Radiculomegaly (teeth with very large roots)
- Delayed loss of primary teeth
- Missing (oligodontia) or abnormally small teeth
- Misaligned teeth
- Defective tooth enamel
Heart defects
- Atrial and/or ventricular defects
- Mitral valve prolapse
Mild intellectual disability and conductive or sensorineural hearing loss may occur.

Genetics

This condition is caused by lesions in the BCOR gene located on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.4). This protein encodes the BCL6 corepressor, but little is currently known about its function. The inheritance is X-linked dominant.

A genetically related disorder is Lenz microphthalmia syndrome.[2]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be confirmed through DNA testing.

History

The first features of this syndrome noted were the abnormal teeth, which were described by Hayward in 1980.[3]

References

Surapornsawasd T, Ogawa T, Tsuji M, Moriyama K (June 2014). "Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: novel BCOR mutations and expression in dental cells". J. Hum. Genet. 59 (6): 314–20. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.24. PMID 24694763. S2CID 27582574.
Esmailpour T, Riazifar H, Liu L, Donkervoort S, Huang VH, Madaan S, et al. (March 2014). "A splice donor mutation in NAA10 results in the dysregulation of the retinoic acid signalling pathway and causes Lenz microphthalmia syndrome". J. Med. Genet. 51 (3): 185–96. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101660. PMC 4278941. PMID 24431331.
Hayward JR (June 1980). "Cuspid gigantism". Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 49 (6): 500–1. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(80)90070-5. PMID 6930070.

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[Surapornsawasd2014-1] Surapornsawasd T, Ogawa T, Tsuji M, Moriyama K (June 2014). "Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: novel BCOR mutations and expression in dental cells". J. Hum. Genet. 59 (6): 314–20. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.24. PMID 24694763. S2CID 27582574.

[pmid24431331-2] Esmailpour T, Riazifar H, Liu L, Donkervoort S, Huang VH, Madaan S, et al. (March 2014). "A splice donor mutation in NAA10 results in the dysregulation of the retinoic acid signalling pathway and causes Lenz microphthalmia syndrome". J. Med. Genet. 51 (3): 185–96. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101660. PMC 4278941. PMID 24431331.

[pmid6930070-3] Hayward JR (June 1980). "Cuspid gigantism". Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 49 (6): 500–1. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(80)90070-5. PMID 6930070.