Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is a Gram negative oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a sheep in 1985.[1] To date, the bacterium has been found to colonizes the large intestines of numerous vertebrates, including humans, and has even been isolated from freshwater sediment.[2] It processes oxalate by decarboxylation into formate (oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase), producing energy for itself in the process.[3]

Oxalobacter formigenes
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Betaproteobacteria
Order:
Burkholderiales
Family:
Oxalobacteraceae
Genus:
Oxalobacter
Species:
O. formigenes
Binomial name
Oxalobacter formigenes

The broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotics kill O. formigenes. If a person's gastrointestinal (GI) tract lacks this bacterium, and therefore lacks the primary source for the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme, then the GI tract cannot degrade dietary oxalates which on digestion get absorbed easily and after some vitamin B6-modulated partial metabolic degradation in the body, is excreted in the kidney, where it precipitates with calcium to form calcium oxalate kidney stones.[4] [5] [6] Oxalobacter formigenes can protect against kidney stones by degrading oxalate.[6]

The role and presence of O. formigenes in the human gut is an area of active research.

References
  1. Allison MJ, Dawson KA, Mayberry WR, Foss JG (February 1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract". Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. PMID 3994481.
  2. Daniel SL, Moradi L, Paiste H, Wood KD, Assimos DG, Holmes RP, et al. (August 2021). Julia Pettinari M (ed.). "Forty Years of Oxalobacter formigenes, a Gutsy Oxalate-Degrading Specialist". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87 (18): e0054421. doi:10.1128/AEM.00544-21. PMC 8388816. PMID 34190610.
  3. Unden, G. (2013). "Energy Transduction in Anaerobic Bacteria". Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry. pp. 204–209. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00282-6.
  4. (interim reference, describes two other studies)
  5. Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, Curhan G, Denu-Ciocca CJ, Matlaga BR, et al. (August 2014). "Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline". The Journal of Urology. 192 (2): 316–324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006. PMID 24857648.
  6. Siener R, Bangen U, Sidhu H, Hönow R, von Unruh G, Hesse A (June 2013). "The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease". Kidney International. 83 (6): 1144–1149. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.104. PMID 23536130.
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