Oxycyte

Oxycyte is an experimental third-generation[1] perfluorocarbon (PFC) therapeutic oxygen carrier invented by Leland Clark and developed by Tenax Therapeutics (TENX; formerly Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Synthetic Blood International),[2] designed to enhance oxygen delivery to damaged tissues. Through a collaborative agreement, Oxycyte (under the development code name of ABL-101) was being developed by Aurum Biosciences Ltd, with an initial indication in acute ischemic stroke.[3]

Perfluoro tert-butylcyclohexane
Clinical data
Trade namesOxycyte
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.245.872
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10F20
Molar mass500.078 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C10F20/c11-2(1(8(22,23)24,9(25,26)27)10(28,29)30)3(12,13)5(16,17)7(20,21)6(18,19)4(2,14)15
  • Key:VLTXBOGHSBHSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Product history

According to Tenax, Oxycyte can carry oxygen with up to 5 times the efficiency as hemoglobin when used as an intravenous emulsion, making it an effective means of transporting oxygen to tissues and carrying carbon dioxide to the lungs for disposal.[4] However, because Oxycyte is a PFC, and not based on hemoglobin, it does not have the safety issues associated with hemoglobin-based products; there have been no adverse events in company clinical trials that were related to Oxycyte. Tenax believed that Oxycyte has a very favorable risk-benefit profile for its potential indications.

Aurum Biosciences promoted Oxycyte as having potential for use in multiple indications, including cardiology, oncology, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. These claims caused excitement among investors and greatly rose Tenax's stock price, which hasn't come close since.[5][6]

Around September 2004, Oxycyte finished Phase I trials with few, mild side effects.[7] Clinical interest in Oxycyte began to grow during this period, culminating in 2013.[8]

Aurum Biosciences had received Wellcome Trust HICF funding to take Oxycyte into a phase IIa clinical trial in stroke patients. This work investigated both therapeutic potential and its ability to enhance the diagnostic potential of MRI in stroke.[9][10][11]

However, Oxygen Biotherapeutics announced in September 2014 that it would discontinue a Phase IIb trial for its Oxycyte drug candidate, citing "difficulties enrolling patients".[12] Interest in Oxycyte has tapered off since,[8] and is mostly documented as an investment venture.

Chemical properties

The active compound in Oxycyte is perfluoro tert-butylcyclohexane, a saturated alicyclic PFC (molecular formula C10F20).[13][14] Fluorocarbons are known for their strong gas-dissolving properties, which when used with oxygen can fill a dual role of healing the tissue as well as imaging. It fits the imaging role promisingly, due to its biocompatibility and half-life. The similar compound Perflourobutane is already used for ultrasound imaging.[1][15] Healing decompression sickness with oxygen has a similar mechanism of action to healing brain anemia, and so Oxycyte can be used for this[16][17]

Care should be taken about the blood with this compound, as it's associated with potentially dangerous variations in the blood, like viscosity.[18]

References
  1. Darçot E, Colotti R, Brennan D, Deuchar GA, Santosh C, van Heeswijk RB (January 2020). "A characterization of ABL-101 as a potential tracer for clinical fluorine-19 MRI". NMR in Biomedicine. 33 (1): e4212. doi:10.1002/nbm.4212. PMID 31724252. S2CID 208018877.
  2. "Oxycyte | Tenax Therapeutics". www.tenaxthera.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  3. "Aurum Biosciences". www.aurumbiosciences.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  4. Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. Corporate website.
  5. "Man Made Life Saver 50x Better Than Blood". December 15, 2006.
  6. "Tenax Therapeutics Stock Price Today (NASDAQ: TENX) Quote, Market Cap, Chart | WallStreetZen". www.wallstreetzen.com. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  7. "Synthetic Blood International Announces Preliminary Analysis of Oxycyte Phase I Study Results - O-STA". o-sta.si. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  8. "Oxycyte - Search Results - PubMed". PubMed. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  9. "Health Innovation Challenge Fund: projects we've funded | Wellcome". wellcome.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  10. "Technology and Products – Aurum Biosciences". www.aurumbiosciences.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  11. US 9144392, Santosh C, Brennan D, "Method of imaging metabolic function", issued 9 September 2015, assigned to The Greater Glasgow Health Board.
  12. "Oxygen Biotherapeutics Announces Halt of Oxycyte Phase IIb Traumatic Brain Injury Trial". businesswire.com. September 11, 2014.
  13. Winslow RM (2006). Blood Substitutes. Academic Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0127597607.
  14. US 2013096190, Huvard G, Kiral R, Quitaro M, Thompson DP, Grossman A, Clauson G, Sandhu G, "Perfluorocarbon gel formulations", published 18 April 2013, assigned to Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc..
  15. "Ultrasound Contrast Agent Sonazoid® for Injection Released for Sale" (PDF). January 10, 2007.
  16. Mahon RT, Cronin WA, Bodo M, Tirumala S, Regis DP, Auker CR (January 2015). "Cardiovascular parameters in a mixed-sex swine study of severe decompression sickness treated with the emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte". Journal of Applied Physiology. 118 (1): 71–79. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2014. PMID 25342702.
  17. Mahon RT, Auker CR, Bradley SG, Mendelson A, Hall AA (March 2013). "The emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte improves spinal cord injury in a swine model of decompression sickness". Spinal Cord. 51 (3): 188–192. doi:10.1038/sc.2012.135. PMID 23165506. S2CID 11694901.
  18. Arnaud F, Sanders K, Sieckmann D, Moon-Massat P (May 2016). "In vitro alteration of hematological parameters and blood viscosity by the perfluorocarbon: Oxycyte". International Journal of Hematology. 103 (5): 584–591. doi:10.1007/s12185-016-1955-9. PMID 26886450. S2CID 19287551.
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