Codeine/paracetamol
Codeine/paracetamol, also known as codeine/acetaminophen and co-codamol, is a compound analgesic consisting of a combination of codeine phosphate and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Codeine/paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain when paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin or naproxen alone do not sufficiently relieve symptoms.[2][3]
Combination of | |
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Codeine | Opioid analgesic |
paracetamol | Anilide analgesic |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Tylenol with codeine, others |
MedlinePlus | a601005 |
License data | |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
ATC code | |
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In 2019, it was the 173rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.[6][7] Combination products containing codeine are available over the counter in Barbados, United Kingdom, Israel and Costa Rica.[8] Of the European Union (EU) member states, 12 countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) allow the sale of OTC codeine solid dosage forms.[9]
Side effects
The most common side effects of co-codamol are constipation and feeling sick (nausea) or sleepy.[10] Other side effects may include blood from mouth, skin rashes, dizziness, sedation, shortness of breath, hypersensitivity reaction, fainting (syncope or near syncope), confusion, loss of short-term memory, changes in blood, allergic reactions, euphoria, dysphoria, abdominal pain, itchiness, easy bruising, bleeding gums, vivid dreams, dry mouth and addiction.[11]
Genetic differences between people give rise to differing rates of metabolism of codeine to morphine. In about 5% of people this may happen particularly fast, leading to higher levels of morphine being passed through breast milk in amounts potentially able to cause fatal respiratory depression of a breastfed baby.[12]
References
- "Acetaminophen with Codeine Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- "Boots Paracetamol & Codeine 500mg/8mg Tablets - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL)". (emc). 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- "Co-Codamol 15/500 Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- "Acetaminophen and Codeine Phosphate tablet". DailyMed. 31 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- "Acetaminophen and Codeine Phosphate solution". DailyMed. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- "The Top 300 of 2019". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- "Acetaminophen; Codeine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- Health risks from codeine based medicines - Whelehan's Pharmacy
- Bergin M (2015). "The availability of over-the-counter codeine medicines across the European Union". Public Health. 129 (11): 1465–1470. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.06.014. PMID 26215740. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2020-07-08.
- "Co-codamol for adults: painkiller containing paracetamol and codeine - NHS". Https. 19 December 2018. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- "Over-the-Counter Codeine-from Therapeutic Use to Dependence, and the Grey Areas in Between". 19 December 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Codeine Use While Breastfeeding May Be Dangerous". CTV News. 2008-08-20. Archived from the original on 2008-09-01. Retrieved 2020-08-13.
External links
- "Acetaminophen mixture with codeine phosphate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.