Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, sodium salt
Clinical data
ATC code	L03AX07 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name poly[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;;
CAS Number	24939-03-5 ;
PubChem CID	32744;
ChemSpider	none;
UNII	3R630IWW5I; O84C90HH2L ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90947819 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	(C10H10N4NaO7P)x • (C9H11N3NaO7P)x
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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C or poly(I:C)) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections.[1]

Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed at the endosomal membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system.[2]

Chemistry

Poly I:C is a mismatched double-stranded RNA with one strand being a polymer of inosinic acid, the other a polymer of cytidylic acid.

Variants

Optimization of physicochemical properties of poly I:C has led to generation of derivatives that have increased stability in body fluids (such as polyICLC), or reduced toxicity through reduced stability in body fluids (such as poly I:C₁₂U).[3]

References

Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (4): R759–66. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185. S2CID 24028101.
Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neurosci Ther. 21 (11): 905–13. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.
Naumann, Kai; Wehner, Rebekka; Schwarze, Anett; Petzold, Christiane; Schmitz, Marc; Rohayem, Jacques (2013-12-02). "Activation of Dendritic Cells by the Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist RGC100". Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. ISSN 1740-2522. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.

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[pmid15205185-1] Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (4): R759–66. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185. S2CID 24028101.

[pmid26494128-2] Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neurosci Ther. 21 (11): 905–13. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.

[3] Naumann, Kai; Wehner, Rebekka; Schwarze, Anett; Petzold, Christiane; Schmitz, Marc; Rohayem, Jacques (2013-12-02). "Activation of Dendritic Cells by the Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist RGC100". Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. ISSN 1740-2522. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.