Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) is a sensory nerve in the thigh. It supplies the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh, leg, buttock, and also the perineum.

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Cross-section through the middle of the thigh. (Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve labeled at bottom.)
Nerves of the right lower extremity. Posterior view. (Post. fem. cutaneus labeled at upper left.)
Details
Fromsacral plexus (S1, S2, S3)
Toinferior clunial nerves, perineal branches
Identifiers
Latinnervus cutaneus femoris posterior
TA98A14.2.07.033
TA26566
FMA45337
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Structure

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a nerve from the sacral plexus.[1] It arises partly from the dorsal divisions of the S1 and S2, and from the ventral divisions of S2 and S3 sacral spinal nerves.[1] It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle.

It then descends beneath the gluteus maximus muscle with the inferior gluteal artery, and runs down the back of the thigh beneath the fascia lata.[1] It runs over the long head of the biceps femoris to the back of the knee. It then pierces the deep fascia, and accompanies the small saphenous vein to about the middle of the back of the leg.[1] Its terminal branches communicate with the sural nerve.

Branches

Its branches are all cutaneous, and are distributed to the gluteal region, the perineum, and the back of the thigh and leg.

  • The inferior clunial nerves (or gluteal branches), three or four in number, turn upward around the lower border of the gluteus maximus, and supply the skin covering the lower and lateral part of that muscle.
  • The perineal branches are distributed to the skin at the upper and medial side of the thigh.
  • The main part to the back of the thigh and leg consists of numerous filaments derived from both sides of the nerve, and distributed to the skin covering the back and medial side of the thigh, the popliteal fossa, and the upper part of the back of the leg.

Function

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supplies the posterior surface of the thigh, the leg, and the gluteal region, as well as the perineum.[1][2]

Clinical significance

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh may be involved in pain in the posterior thigh.[3]

Additional images
  • Cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity. Front and posterior views.
  • Cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity. Front and posterior views.
  • Schematic of sacral plexus. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh is labeled at the bottom.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 959 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Mirjalili, S. Ali (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 46 - Anatomy of the Sacral Plexus L4-S4", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 619–626, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00048-2, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2021-03-04
  2. "Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve". Healthline.
  3. Vloka,Jerry D.; Van Keer,Luc. "Cutaneous Nerve Blocks of the Lower Extremity". NYSORA.
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