Water for injection

Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.[1] A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection.[2] Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic.[3] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.[5]

Water for injection
Sterile water for injection
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AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
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FormulaH2O

If it is given by injection into a vein without making it approximately isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur.[3] This can then result in kidney problems.[3] Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload.[4] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.[5] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml.[5] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available.[5]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6][7] Water for injection is available over the counter in the United States.[3]

Other names

Water for injection is also known as aqua ad iniectabilia or aqua ad injectionem.

References
  1. "<1232> Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes" (PDF). hmc.usp.org. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  2. World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 493. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  3. "Sterile Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  4. "Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  5. Ghosh, Tapash K.; Jasti, Bhaskara R. (2004). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. CRC Press. p. 396. ISBN 9780203644478. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
  6. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  7. World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
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