Surgical extirpation

Surgical extirpation is a type of occasionally invasive surgical procedure in which an organ or tissue is completely removed or eradicated.[1] Extirpation is used in the treatment of various medical conditions and also as a means to prevent the spread of cancer.[2]

Types of extirpation

Extirpation of the appendix, or appendectomy, is the standard treatment utilized in cases of acute appendicitis.[3][4] Approximately 300,000 individuals in the United States have their appendix removed each year.[5]

Extirpation of the colon, or colectomy, is used in the treatment of patient's ulcerative colitis whose condition is resistant to other therapies. In many cases, the removal of the colon may entirely cure the disease.[6][7] A colectomy may also be utilized in the treatment of colon cancer.

Extirpation of the gallbladder, known as a cholecystectomy, may be used as a treatment for recurrent gallstones or cholecystitis.[8] This type of procedure is typically elective and outcomes following the procedure are typically good.[9] The rate of cholecystectomies being performed on patients with cholecystitis has increased markedly since the first laparoscopic procedure was performed in 1985; jumping from 2.2% in 1996 to 31.4% in 2008.[10][11]

References
  1. "Surgical extripation". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  2. "therapeutics - Surgical therapy - medicine". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  3. Longo, Dan L.; et al., eds. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 300. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  4. Tintinalli, Judith E. (2011). Emergency medicine : a comprehensive study guide (7. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 84. ISBN 978-0-07-174467-6. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  5. Mason, RJ (August 2008). "Surgery for appendicitis: is it necessary?". Surgical Infections. 9 (4): 481–8. doi:10.1089/sur.2007.079. PMID 18687030.
  6. Kornbluth A, Sachar DB (2004). "Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults (update): American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 99 (7): 1371–85. PMID 15233681.
  7. Ulcerative colitis at eMedicine
  8. Neri V; Ambrosi A; Fersini A; Tartaglia N; Valentino TP (2007). "Antegrade dissection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy". Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 11 (2): 225–8. PMC 3015719. PMID 17761085.
  9. "Gallstones". NIDDK. November 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  10. Bardakcioglu, Ovunc; Khan, Ashraf; Aldridge, Christopher; Chen, Jiajing (August 2013). "Growth of laparoscopic colectomy in the United States: analysis of regional and socioeconomic factors over time". Annals of Surgery. 258 (2): 270–274. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828faa66. ISSN 1528-1140. PMID 23598378. S2CID 24929078.
  11. Reynolds, Walker (2001). "The First Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy". Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 5 (1): 89–94. ISSN 1086-8089. PMC 3015420. PMID 11304004.


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