T-cell vaccine

A T-cell vaccine is a vaccine designed to induce protective T-cells.[1]

For vaccination with T cells, see T-cell vaccination.

T-cell vaccines are designed to induce cellular immunity. They are also referred to as cell-mediated immune (CMI) vaccines.[2]

It is thought that they can be more effective than conventional B-cell vaccines for protection from microbes that hide inside host cells, and viruses (such as HIV or influenza) that mutate rapidly.

T-cell vaccines underwent clinical trials for HIV/AIDS.[3]

As of July 2012 none have been approved.[4]

As December 2020, The Pfizer-BioNTech Covid jab passed the FDA's emergency use authorization [5] and became the first FDA authorized T cell vaccine.[6][7]

References
  1. Robinson, Harriet L.; Amara, Rama Rao (2005). "T cell vaccines for microbial infections". Nature Medicine. 11 (4s): S25–S32. doi:10.1038/nm1212. PMID 15812486. S2CID 205384682.
  2. Buchbinder, SP; Mehrotra, DV; Duerr, A; Fitzgerald, DW; Mogg, R; Li, D; Gilbert, PB; Lama, JR; Marmor, M; Del Rio, C; McElrath, MJ; Casimiro, DR; Gottesdiener, KM; Chodakewitz, JA; Corey, L; Robertson, MN (2008). "Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial". Lancet. 372 (9653): 1881–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61591-3. PMC 2721012. PMID 19012954.
  3. Korber, Bette T.; Letvin, Norman L.; Haynes, Barton F. (2009). "T-Cell Vaccine Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the Virus with a Thousand Faces". Journal of Virology. 83 (17): 8300–8314. doi:10.1128/JVI.00114-09. PMC 2738160. PMID 19439471.
  4. "T-cell Vaccines Could Treat Elusive Diseases".
  5. Commissioner, Office of the (2020-12-14). "FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine". FDA. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  6. Sahin, Ugur; Muik, Alexander; Derhovanessian, Evelyna; Vogler, Isabel; Kranz, Lena M.; Vormehr, Mathias; Baum, Alina; Pascal, Kristen; Quandt, Jasmin; Maurus, Daniel; Brachtendorf, Sebastian (October 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T H 1 T cell responses". Nature. 586 (7830): 594–599. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..594S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32998157.
  7. Woldemeskel, Bezawit A.; Garliss, Caroline C.; Blankson, Joel N. (2021-05-17). "SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 131 (10). doi:10.1172/JCI149335. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 8121504. PMID 33822770.
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