TEMPI syndrome

TEMPI syndrome is an orphan disease where the patients share five characteristics from which the acronym is derived: telangiectasias, elevated erythropoietin and erythrocytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, perinephric fluid collection, and intrapulmonary shunting.

TEMPI syndrome
Other namesTelangiectasia-erythrocytosis-monoclonal gammopathy-perinephric-fluid collections-intrapulmonary shunting syndrome

Signs and symptoms
TEMPISymptom
TTelangiectasias
EElevated Erythropoietin and Erythrocytosis
MMonoclonal gammopathy
PPerinephric fluid collections
IIntrapulmonary shunting

The patients were all diagnosed at middle age. The symptoms were slowly and steadily progressive. Telangiectasias developed over the face, trunk and arms. Increased serum erythropoietin levels, eventually exceeding 5000 mU /ml, preceded the intrapulmonary shunting and the development of hypoxemia. Sampling of the perinephric fluid revealed a clear, serous fluid with low levels of protein, few leukocytes and no cholesterol or triglycerides. A monoclonal gammopathy was implicated in all patients tested. Spontaneous venous thromboses occurred in some patients, sometimes accompanied with spontaneous intracranial bleeding in the absence of blood vessels malformations.[1]

Cause

The cause of the syndrome is unknown. The abnormal plasma-cell clone and/or the monoclonal gammopathy are suggested to be triggers of the disease.[2]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on the five characteristics described above.[2]

Treatment

Complete and partial disappearance of the symptoms of the TEMPI syndrome was reported with the drugs bortezomib,[3] daratumumab[4] and autologous stem cell transplantation.[5]

History

In 2010, the case of a man with unexplained erythrocytosis and perinephric fluid collection as main features was described in the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital.[6] As a consequence two strikingly similar cases were identified and a review of the literature revealed three more patients with similar characteristics and a novel multisystem disease, the TEMPI syndrome, was reported.[1]

As of January 2022, a total of 29 patients worldwide with the TEMPI syndrome have been identified.

References
  1. Sykes, David B.; Schroyens, Wilfried; O'Connell, Casey (2011). "TEMPI Syndrome – A Novel Multisystem Disease". N Engl J Med. 365 (5): 475–477. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1106670. PMID 21812700.
  2. Sykes, David B.; O'Connell, Casey; Schroyens, Wilfried (2020-04-09). "The TEMPI syndrome". Blood. 135 (15): 1199–1203. doi:10.1182/blood.2019004216. ISSN 1528-0020. PMID 32108223.
  3. Schroyens, Wilfried; O'Connell, Casey; Sykes, David B. (2012). "Complete and Partial Responses of the TEMPI Syndrome to Bortezomib" (PDF). N Engl J Med. 367 (8): 778–780. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1205806. PMID 22913703.
  4. Sykes, David B.; Schroyens, W. (2018). "Complete Responses in the TEMPI Syndrome after Treatment with Daratumumab". N Engl J Med. 378 (23): 2240–2242. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1804415. PMID 29874534.
  5. Kenderian, S.S..; Rosado, F.G; Sykes, D.B.; Hoyer, J.D.; Lacy, M.Q. (2015). "Long-term complete clinical and hematological responses of the TEMPI syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation". Leukemia. 29 (12): 2414–2416. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.298. PMID 26500143.
  6. Bazari, Hasan; Attar, Eyal C.; Dahl, Douglas M.; Uppot, Raul N.; Colvin, Robert B. (2010). "Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 23-2010: A 49-Year-Old Man with Erythrocytosis, Perinephric Fluid Collections, and Renal Failure". N Engl J Med. 363 (5): 463–475. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc1004086. PMID 20818867.
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