Thermococcus barophilus

Thermococcus barophilus is a piezophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is anaerobic and sulfur-metabolising, with type strain MPT.[1]

Thermococcus barophilus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Thermococci
Order:
Thermococcales
Family:
Thermococcaceae
Genus:
Thermococcus
Species:
T. barophilus
Binomial name
Thermococcus barophilus
Marteinsson et al. 1999

Nomenclature

The name Thermococcus barophilus has Greek roots, thermo for heat, kokkos for the spherical cells, baros for weight, and philos for loving. Overall, the name means "organism with a spherical body that gravitates to heat and to the pressure of the water column."[2]

Physiology

T. barophilus can grow at even higher temperatures if the pressure is high, as well. At an atmospheric pressure, it can grow at temperatures of 45-90 °C, with an optimal temperature of 85 °C, but it can grow at temperatures as high as 100 °C if the hydrostatic pressure is 15.0-17.5 MPa.[2] Sulfur is necessary for its growth, but it can also grow slowly in absence of sulfur. Membrane lipid has a major archaeol component.[3]

Genome

The genome of T. barophilus has been sequenced and is circular in nature with a size of 2,010,078bp. It has also a circular plasmid pTBMP1. The genome sequence shows that it has the carboxydotrophic pathway and bears seven different hydrogenase complexes.[4]

Transcriptome

The transcriptome analysis of this organism has also been done. It has been found that, 378 genes are differentially expressed in T. barophilus under different pressure conditions. Genes related to energy production and conversion, inorganic ion transport and metabolism and crabohydrate transport and metabolism are upregulated. Genes which are downregulated are involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, replication and repair and recombination and inorganic ion transport and metabolism.[5]

References
  1. Marteinsson, V. T.; Birrien, J.-L.; Reysenbach, A.-L.; Vernet, M.; Marie, D.; Gambacorta, A.; Messner, P.; Sleytr, U. B.; Prieur, D. (1999). "Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 351–359. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-351. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 10319455.
  2. David R. Boone; Richard W. Castenholz, eds. (2012-01-13). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 344. ISBN 978-0387216096. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  3. Marteinsson, V. T.; Birrien, J. L.; Reysenbach, A. L.; Vernet, M.; Marie, D.; Gambacorta, A.; Messner, P.; Sleytr, U. B.; Prieur, D. (April 1999). "Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 Pt 2: 351–359. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-351. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 10319455.
  4. Vannier, Pauline; Marteinsson, Viggo Thor; Fridjonsson, Olafur Hedinn; Oger, Philippe; Jebbar, Mohamed (March 2011). "Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic, piezophilic, heterotrophic, and carboxydotrophic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus MP". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (6): 1481–1482. doi:10.1128/JB.01490-10. ISSN 1098-5530. PMC 3067617. PMID 21217005.
  5. Vannier, Pauline; Michoud, Grégoire; Oger, Philippe; Marteinsson, Viggó Þór; Jebbar, Mohamed (November 2015). "Genome expression of Thermococcus barophilus and Thermococcus kodakarensis in response to different hydrostatic pressure conditions". Research in Microbiology. 166 (9): 717–725. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2015.07.006. ISSN 1769-7123. PMID 26239966.

Further reading


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