Trypanosoma congolense

Trypanosoma congolense is a species of trypanosomes and is the major pathogen responsible for the disease nagana in cattle and other animals including sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, dogs,[2] as well as laboratory mice. It is the most common cause of nagana in east Africa, but is also a major cause of nagana in west Africa. This parasite is spread by tsetse flies. In its mammalian host, Trypanosoma congolense only lives in blood vessels, and causes in particular anaemia.[2][3][4][5]

Cachexic dog infested with T. congolense after travel in West Africa

Trypanosoma congolense
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Class: Kinetoplastea
Order: Trypanosomatida
Family: Trypanosomatidae
Genus: Trypanosoma
Species:
T. congolense
Binomial name
Trypanosoma congolense
Broden, 1904
Synonyms[1]
  • Trypanosoma dimorphon Laveran & Mesnil, 1904
  • Trypanosoma nanum Laveran, 1905
  • Trypanosom confusum Montgomery & Kinghorn, 1909
  • Trypanosoma montgomeryi Laveran, 1909
  • Trypanosoma pecorum Bruce et al., 1910
  • Trypanosoma frobeniusi Weissenborn, 1911
  • Trypanosoma somaliense Maroglio, 1911
  • Trypanosoma cellii Martogio, 1911
  • Trypaonsoms multiforme Kinghorne et al., 1913
  • Trypaonson randae van Saceghem, 1921
  • Trypanosoma urundiense Chardome & Peel, 1967
  • Trypanosoma berghei Chardome & Peel, 1967
  • Trypanosoma mossosense Chardom & Peel, 1967

Infection process

T. congolense causes anemia. Nok et al 2003 find T. congolense to alter the surfaces of erythrocytes which may contribute to this effect.[5]

Drug resistance

Individuals isolated from Boran cattle in the Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993.[6] This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area for the tested trypanocides, Diminazene aceturate, Isometamidium chloride, and Homidium chloride.[6]

References
  1. "Trypanosoma congolense". American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists. 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  2. Deschamps, Jack-Yves; Desquesnes, Marc; Dorso, Laetitia; Ravel, Sophie; Bossard, Géraldine; Charbonneau, Morgane; Garand, Annabelle; Roux, Françoise A. (2016). "Refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense". Parasite. 23: 1. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016001. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4722231.
  3. Losos, G. J.; Ikede, B. O. (1972). "Review of pathology of diseases in domestic and laboratory animals caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense". Veterinary Pathology. 9 (1 Suppl): 1–79. doi:10.1177/030098587200901s01. ISSN 0300-9858.
  4. African Animal Trypanosomiasis Archived 2007-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, USAHA gray book, 6th ed. (1998).
  5. Stijlemans, Benoît; Guilliams, Martin; Raes, Geert; Beschin, Alain; Magez, Stefan; De Baetselier, Patrick (2007). "African trypanosomosis: From immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention". Veterinary Parasitology. American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) + European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC) + World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (Elsevier). 148 (1): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.005. ISSN 0304-4017.
  6. Mulugeta, Wubet; Wilkes, Jon; Mulatu, Woudyalew; Majiwa, Phelix A.O; Masake, Rachael; Peregrine, Andrew S (1997). "Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia". Acta Tropica. Elsevier BV. 64 (3–4): 205–217. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 9107367. S2CID 23878484.

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