Xanthomonas pruni

Xanthomonas pruni (syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, syn. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is a bacterial disease of almost all Prunus.

Xanthomonas pruni
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Xanthomonadales
Family: Xanthomonadaceae
Genus: Xanthomonas
Species:
X. pruni
Binomial name
Xanthomonas pruni
Synonyms
  • X. campestris pv. pruni
  • X. arboricola pv. pruni

Hosts

Almost all Prunus spp.[1]

Distribution

Unknown in stonefruit in California until detection in Sacramento and northern San Joaquin Valley in the spring of 2013.[1] As of 2017 it is still restricted to those two areas.[2] Also found in almond cultivation in Victoria, Australia.[3]

Detection

Palacio-Bielsa et al., 2011 provides a SYBR Green I-based assay.[4]: 90 

Management

Copper[3] and mancozeb are recommended in California for almonds[2] and have served well elsewhere.[3] No pesticides are registered for almonds anywhere in Australia.[3]

Phage therapy has been heavily studied for X. pruni and some treatments have been very successful.[5][6] Civerolo & Keil performed several experiments in the 1970s with Xanthomonas pruni phage showing that peach and apricot were protected by external applications of solution.[7]

Resistance

Resistance to copper has occurred.[2] No copper resistance as of August 2017 in California.[2] Rotation or tank mixing is recommended to forestall resistance.[2]

References
  1. Adaskaveg, J. E.; Holtz, B.; Duncan, R.; Doll, D. (December 2014). "Bacterial Spot of Almond in California – Update on the Disease and its Management". Sacramento Valley Almond News. UCANR. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  2. "Bacterial Spot / Almond". UC Integrated Pest Management (UC IPM). UC Agriculture (UC ANR). August 2017.
  3. Kreidl, Simone; Wiechel, Tonya; Faulkner, Peta; Tesoriero, Len; Edwards, Jacky. "Bacterial Spot of Almond (AL16005)" (PDF). Agriculture Victoria.
  4. RajeshKannan, Velu; Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus, eds. (2016). Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. pp. xv–392. ISBN 978-1-4822-4054-2. OCLC 922843132.
  5. Nagy, Judit; Király, Lóránt; Schwarczinger, Ildikó (2011-12-25). "Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight". Central European Journal of Biology. Versita. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2478/s11535-011-0093-x. ISSN 2391-5412.
  6. Varani, Alessandro M.; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia Barros; Nakaya, Helder I.; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne (2013-08-04). "The Role of Prophage in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria". Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews. 51 (1): 429–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173010. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 23725471. S2CID 207644125.
  7. Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews. 45 (1): 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.
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