Bharat Petroleum

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It operates three refineries in Bina, Kochi and Mumbai.[5] BPCL is India's second-largest government-owned downstream oil producer, whose operations are overseen by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It was ranked 309th on the 2020 Fortune list of the world's biggest public sector undertakings,[6] and 792nd on Forbes's 2021 "Global 2000" list.[7]

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
TypeCentral Public Sector Undertaking
ISININE029A01011
IndustryEnergy: Oil and gas
HeadquartersMumbai, Maharashtra, India
Key people
Arun Kumar Singh
(Chairman & MD)[1]
Products
Revenue ₹432,570 crore (US$54 billion)[2] (2022)
₹14,501 crore (US$1.8 billion)[2] (2022)
₹10,145 crore (US$1.3 billion)[2] (2022)
Total assets ₹187,528 crore (US$23 billion)[3] (2022)
Total equity ₹51,905 crore (US$6.5 billion)[3] (2022)
OwnerMinistry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India
Number of employees
9257 (March 2021)[4]
Divisions
  • Bharat Petroresources Limited
  • Bharat Gas Resources Limited
  • Bharat Renewable Energy Limited
Websitewww.bharatpetroleum.com

History

1891 to 1976

The company today known as BPCL started off as Rangoon Oil and Exploration company set up to explore the new discoveries off Assam and Burma during the British colonial rule over India. In 1889 during vast industrial development, an important player in the South Asian market was the Burmah Oil Company. Though incorporated in Scotland in 1886, the company grew out of the enterprises of the Chef Rohit Oil Company, which had been formed in 1871 to refine crude oil produced from primitive hand dug wells in Upper Burma.

In 1928, Asiatic Petroleum Company (India) started cooperation with Burma oil company. Asiatic Petroleum was a joint venture of Royal Dutch, Shell and Rothschilds formed to address the monopoly of John D Rockefeller's Standard Oil, which also operated in India as Esso. This alliance led to the formation of Burmah-Shell Oil Storage and Distributing Company of India Limited. Burmah Shell began its operations with import and marketing of Kerosene.[8]

In the mid-1950s, the company began to sell LPG cylinders to homes in India and further expanded its delivery network. It also marketed kerosene, diesel and petrol in cans in order to reach remote parts of India. In 1951, the Burmah shell began to build a refinery in Trombay (Mahul, Maharashtra) under an agreement with the Government of India.

Nationalisation
A BPCL petrol filling station in Telangana

In 1976, the company was nationalized under the Act on the Nationalisation of Foreign Oil companies ESSO (1974), Burma Shell (1976) and Caltex (1977).[9] On 24 January 1976, the Burmah Shell was taken over by the Government of India to form Bharat Refineries Limited. On 1 August 1977, it was renamed Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited. It was also the first refinery to process newly found indigenous crude Bombay High.

A BPCL retail outlet in Indore.
BPCL petrol filling station at Basaveshwaranagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

In 2003, the government attempted to privatize the company. However, following a petition by the Centre for Public Interest Litigation, the Supreme Court restrained the Central government from privatizing Hindustan Petroleum and Bharat Petroleum without the approval of Parliament.[10] As counsel for the CPIL, Rajinder Sachar and Prashant Bhushan said that the only way to disinvest in the companies would be to repeal or amend the Acts by which they were nationalized in the 1970s.[11] As a result, the government would need a majority in both houses to push through any privatization.[12]

Parliament enacted the Repealing and Amending Act, 2016 in May 2016 which repealed the legislation that had nationalized the company.[13] In 2017, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) received Maharatna status, putting it in the category of government-owned entities in India with the largest market capitalization and consistently high profits.[14] In 2021, BPCL announced plans to invest US$4.05 billion in order to improve petrochemical capacity and refining efficiencies, over the next five years.[15]

Operations

Bharat Petroleum operates the following refineries:

  • Mumbai Refinery : Located near Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has a capacity of 13 million metric tonnes per annum.[16]
  • Kochi Refinery : Located near Kochi, Kerala. It has a capacity of 15.5  million metric tonnes per annum.[17]
  • Bina Refinery : Located near Bina, Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh. It has a capacity of 7.8  million metric tonnes per year. This refinery started as Bharat Oman Refineries Limited (BORL), a joint venture between Bharat Petroleum and OQ (formerly known as Oman Oil Company). Incorporated in 1994, BORL also has single point mooring (SPM) system, crude oil terminal (COT) and a 937 km (582 mi) long cross-country crude oil pipeline from Vadinar, Gujarat to Bina, Madhya Pradesh. As of April 2021, BORL is a subsidiary of BPCL.

They have popular Loyalty Program like Petrocard, Smartfleet.

As of 2018, BPCL was also setting up a Second-generation biofuels refinery at Baulsingha village in Bargarh district, Odisha of 100 kilo litre per day (KLPD) capacity.[18] The plant would be using 2 Lakh tonnes of rice straw to generate fuel.[19]

Subsidiaries

Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL), a joint venture between Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) and the Government of Delhi to operate the Delhi City Gas Distribution Project.

Petronet LNG, a joint venture company promoted by the Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOC) and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) to import LNG and set up LNG terminals in the country.

Bharat Renewable Energy Limited, a joint venture company promoted by BPCL with Nandan Cleantech Limited (Nandan Biomatrix Limited), Hyderabad and Shapoorji Pallonji Group, through their affiliate, S.P. Agri Management Services Pvt.Ltd. specializes in offering Bio diesel plants, ethanol, bio-diesel plants, Karanj (Millettia pinnata), Jatropha and Pongamia (Pongamia Pinnata) plantation services, renewable generation services etc. In 2013 Shapoorji Pallonji Group exited the joint venture.[20]

Ownership

As of August 30th 2022, 52.8% of the shares of BPCL were owned by the Government of India (through the President of India), with the rest owned by Foreign PortInstitute estors (13.7%), Domestic Institute Investors (12%), Insurance companies (8.24%) and the balance held by individual share holders.[21]

Disinvestment

On 21 November 2019, the Government of India approved the privatization of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL).[22] The government invited bids for the sale of its 52.98% stake in the company on 7 March 2020.[23] The Government decided to consolidate the businesses of BPCL before privatization starting with the Numaligarh Refinery Ltd. (NRL). The Government decided to keep Numaligarh Refinery Ltd. (NRL) in the public sector, honouring the Assam Peace Accord. On Mar 2021, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL) sold its entire 61.5% stake in Numaligarh Refinery in Assam to a consortium of Oil India Ltd. and Engineers India Ltd. and Government of Assam for ₹9,876 crore.[24] BPCL also acquired a 36.62% stake in Bharat Oman Refineries (BORL) or Bina refinery situated at Bina in Madhya Pradesh, India from OQ (formerly known as Oman Oil Company), for ₹2,400 crore. BPCL has been holding 63.4 per cent and OQ 36.6 per cent equity in the company. The Government of Madhya Pradesh has a minor stake in the company through compulsorily convertible warrants. With the acquisition of OQ's entire stake in BORL, BPCL will establish control over BORL.[25][26]

The Indian Government attempted to sell BPCL during fiscal year 2021–2022.[27] However, the sale of BPCL has been pushed to fiscal year 2022–2023, and it has been reported that the Government is building a new strategy for the sale of the company.[28] In addition to this, it has also been reported that rising oil prices, along with increasing development and use of green energy, is leading to delays in the privatisation process.[29] Later govt of India cancel privatisation of BPCL

See also
  • List of companies of India
  • List of largest companies by revenue
  • List of corporations by market capitalization
  • Make in India
  • Forbes Global 2000
  • Fortune India 500
  • Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology[30]

References
  1. "Bharat Petroleum Website Board of Directors".
  2. "Bharat Petroleum Corporation Consolidated Profit & Loss account, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Financial Statement & Accounts". www.moneycontrol.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  3. "Bharat Petroleum Corporation Consolidated Balance Sheet, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Financial Statement & Accounts". www.moneycontrol.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  4. "BHARAT PETROLEUM COMPANY PROFILE GLOBAL 500 # 309". Fortune. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  5. "About BPCL - our journey". BPCL Official website. BPCL. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  6. "Global 500". Fortune. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  7. "The Global 2000 2021". Forbes. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  8. "The history and journey of BPCL". BPCL. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  9. "SC stays disinvestment in HPCL, BPCL". The Tribune. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  10. SAMANWAYA RAUTRAY AND PHEROZE L. VINCENT (4 March 2011). "Feather in cap for graft fighters". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  11. Ramakrishna, G. V. (2004). Two Score and Ten: My Experiences in Government. Academic Foundation. p. 301. ISBN 8171883397.
  12. Gopal Ganesh (2008). Privatisation And Labour Restructuring. Academic Foundation. p. 136. ISBN 978-8171886340.
  13. "BPCL nationalisation Act repealed in 2016; privatisation way clear". Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  14. "BPCL gets Maharatna status; shares rise over 4%". The Economic Times. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  15. "Chemical Industry, Chemicals Manufacturers and Exporters in India - IBEF". India Brand Equity Foundation. May 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  16. "Bharat Petroleum | Energising Environment | Refineries | Mumbai Refinery". Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  17. "Integrated expansion project boosts BPCL-Kochi Refinery". 2 May 2017.
  18. "BPCL gets green nod for Rs 747 cr ethanol project in Odisha". Economic Times. 12 August 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  19. Singha, Minati (7 October 2018). "BPCL to set up country's first biofuel plant at Bargarh district in Odisha". Times of India. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  20. Pathak, Kalpana (23 September 2013). "Shapoorji Pallonji to exit renewable energy venture floated with BPCL". Business Standard India. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  21. "Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd financial results and price chart - Screener". www.screener.in. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  22. Roychoudhury, Arup (21 November 2019). "Privatisation push: Cabinet approves strategic sale of BPCL, 4 other PSUs". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  23. "Govt invites bids for BPCL, to sell full 52.98% stake in company". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  24. "BPCL offloads entire 61.5% stake in Numaligarh Refinery for Rs 9,876 crore". www.businesstoday.in. 26 March 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  25. "India's Bharat Petroleum buys OQ's entire in Bina refinery". www.hydrocarbons-technology.com. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  26. "BPCL Acquires Oman's 36.6% Stake In Bina Refinery". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  27. Moneycontrol News (17 November 2021). "Govt will privatise 5-6 companies in 2021-22, including BPCL: DIPAM Secretary". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  28. Batra, Shubham (5 May 2022). "Why Modi govt's BPCL privatisation process ran out of gas and is back to the drawing board". ThePrint. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  29. Aulakh, Gulveen (22 April 2022). "Centre weighs going back to drawing board on BPCL sale". mint. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  30. "Sonia to lay foundation for Rajiv Gandhi Petroleum Institute in Rae Bareli | TopNews". Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
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