Dennis Rader

Dennis Lynn Rader (born March 9, 1945) is an American serial killer known as BTK (an abbreviation he gave himself, for "bind, torture, kill"), the BTK Strangler or the BTK Killer. Between 1974 and 1991, he killed ten people in Wichita and Park City, Kansas, and sent taunting letters to police and media outlets describing the details of his crimes.[4][5][6] After a decade-long hiatus, Rader resumed sending letters in 2004, leading to his 2005 arrest and subsequent guilty plea. He is currently serving ten consecutive life sentences at the El Dorado Correctional Facility.[1]

Dennis Rader
Mug shot of Rader
Born
Dennis Lynn Rader

(1945-03-09) March 9, 1945
Kansas, U.S.
Other namesBTK, BTK Killer, BTK Strangler
EducationButler County Community College (associate's degree)
Wichita State University (bachelor's degree)
Criminal statusIncarcerated[1]
Children2
MotiveSexual sadism
Conviction(s)Murder, in the first degree – 10 counts[2]
Criminal penaltyLife imprisonment without the possibility of parole for 175 years
(10 consecutive life sentences)
Details
Victims10
Span of crimes
January 15, 1974 – January 19, 1991
CountryUnited States
State(s)Kansas
Date apprehended
February 25, 2005
Imprisoned atEl Dorado Correctional Facility[2]
Military career
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUS Air Force
Years of service1966–70
RankStaff Sergeant[3]

Life and background

Rader was born on March 9, 1945, to Dorothea Mae Rader (née Cook) and William Elvin Rader, one of four sons. Sources give Rader's place of birth as either Columbus, Kansas,[7][8] or Pittsburg, Kansas.[9] He grew up in Wichita. Both parents worked long hours and paid little attention to their children at home; Rader later described feeling ignored by his mother in particular and resenting her for it.[10]

From a young age, Rader harbored sadistic sexual fantasies about torturing "trapped and helpless" women.[10][11] He also exhibited zoosadism by torturing, killing, and hanging small animals.[12][13] Rader acted out sexual fetishes for voyeurism, autoerotic asphyxiation, and cross-dressing; he often spied on female neighbors while dressed in women's clothing, including women's underwear that he had stolen, and masturbated with ropes or other bindings around his arms and neck.[14]

Years later, during his "cooling off" periods between murders, Rader would take pictures of himself wearing women's clothes and a female mask while bound. He later admitted that he was pretending to be his victims as part of a sexual fantasy.[15] However, Rader kept his sexual proclivities well-hidden, and he was widely regarded in his community as "normal, polite, and well mannered".[13]

After graduating from Wichita Heights High School,[16] Rader attended Kansas Wesleyan University, but received mediocre grades and dropped out after one year. He served in the United States Air Force from 1966 to 1970.[17] On discharge, he moved to Park City (a suburb of Wichita), where he worked in the meat department of an IGA supermarket where his mother was a bookkeeper.[18] Rader married Paula Dietz on May 22, 1971; they had two children, Kerri and Brian.[19][20] He attended Butler County Community College in El Dorado, earning an associate degree in electronics in 1973.[21] He then enrolled at Wichita State University, and graduated in 1979 with a Bachelor of Science degree, majoring in Administration of Justice.

Rader initially worked as an assembler for the Coleman Company, an outdoor supply company. He then worked at the Wichita-based office of ADT Security Services from 1974 to 1988, where he installed security alarms as part of his job, in many cases for homeowners concerned about the BTK killings.[19][22] Rader was a census field operations supervisor for the Wichita area in 1989, before the 1990 federal census.[23]

In May 1991, Rader became a dogcatcher and compliance officer in Park City.[19][24][25][26] In this position, neighbors recalled him as being sometimes overzealous and extremely strict, as well as taking special pleasure in bullying and harassing single women.[27] One neighbor complained that Rader killed her dog for no reason.[28]

Rader was a member of Christ Lutheran Church in Wichita and had been elected president of the church council.[19][29] He was also a Cub Scout leader.[19]

On July 26, 2005, after Rader's arrest, his wife was granted an "emergency divorce" (waiving the normal waiting period).[20][30]

In an interview with ABC News in 2019, Rader's daughter Kerri said she still writes to her father and has now forgiven him, but still struggles to reconcile him with the BTK killer, stating her childhood seemed normal and they were a "normal American family".[31]

Case history

Murders

On January 15, 1974, four members of the Otero family were murdered in Wichita, Kansas.[32] The victims were Joseph Otero, age 38; Julie Otero, age 33; Joseph Otero Jr., age 9; and Josephine Otero, age 11. Their bodies were discovered by the family's three older children, Charlie, Danny, and Carmen, who had been at school at the time of the killings.[32][33] After his 2005 arrest, Rader confessed to killing the Otero family.[34] Rader wrote a letter that had been stashed inside an engineering book in the Wichita Public Library in October 1974, which described in detail the killing of the Otero family in January of that year.[23]

Between the spring of 1974 and winter 1977, Rader killed three more women: Kathryn Bright (April 4, 1974), Shirley Vian Relford (March 17, 1977), and Nancy Fox (December 8, 1977).[35] In early 1978, he sent another letter to television station KAKE in Wichita, claiming responsibility for the murders of the Oteros, Bright, Vian Relford, and Fox.[23] He suggested many possible names for himself, including the one that stuck: BTK. He demanded media attention in this second letter, and it was finally announced that Wichita did indeed have a serial killer at large. A poem was enclosed titled "Oh! Death to Nancy," a parody of the lyrics to the American folk song "O Death".[36][37] In the letter, he claimed to be driven to kill by "factor X", which he characterized as a supernatural element that also motivated Jack the Ripper, the Son of Sam, and the Hillside Strangler murders.[38]

He also intended to kill others, such as Anna Williams, who in 1979, aged 63, escaped death by returning home much later than expected. Rader explained during his confession that he became obsessed with Williams and was "absolutely livid" when she evaded him. He spent hours waiting at her home but became impatient and left when she did not return home from visiting friends.[39]

Marine Hedge, aged 53, was found on May 5, 1985, at East 53rd Street North between North Webb Road and North Greenwich Road in Wichita. Rader killed her on April 27, and took her dead body to his church, Christ Lutheran Church, where he was the president of the church council. There, he photographed her body in various bondage positions. Rader had previously stored black plastic sheets and other materials at the church in preparation for the murder and then later dumped the body in a remote ditch. He had called his plan "Project Cookie".[40]

In 1988, after the murders of three members of the Fager family in Wichita, a letter was received from someone claiming to be the BTK killer, in which the author of the letter denied being the perpetrator of the Fager murders. The author credited the killer with having done "admirable work." It was not proven until 2005 that this letter was, in fact, written by Rader. He is not considered by police to have committed this crime.[37]

Two women Rader stalked in the 1980s and one who he stalked in the mid-1990s filed restraining orders against him. One of them also changed her address to avoid him.[41]

His final victim, Dolores E. Davis, was found on February 1, 1991, at West 117th Street North and North Meridian Street in Park City. Rader killed her on January 19.[42]

Cold case

By 2004, the investigation of the BTK Killer was considered a cold case. Then, Rader initiated a series of 11 communications to the local media. This activity led directly to his arrest in February 2005.

In March 2004, The Wichita Eagle received a letter from someone using the name Bill Thomas Killman. The author of the letter claimed that he had murdered Vicki Wegerle on September 16, 1986, and enclosed photographs of the crime scene and a photocopy of her driver's license, which had been stolen at the time of the crime.[43] Before this, it had not been definitively established that Wegerle was killed by BTK.[43] DNA collected from under Wegerle's fingernails provided police with previously unknown evidence. They then began DNA testing hundreds of men in an effort to find the serial killer.[44] Altogether, more than 1,300 DNA samples were taken and later destroyed by court order.[45]

In May 2004, television station KAKE in Wichita received a letter with chapter headings for the "BTK Story", fake IDs, and a word puzzle.[18] On June 9, a package was found taped to a stop sign at the corner of First and Kansas roads in Wichita. It had graphic descriptions of the Otero murders and a sketch labeled "The Sexual Thrill Is My Bill."[46] Also enclosed was a chapter list for a proposed book titled The BTK Story, which mimicked a story written in 1999 by Court TV crime writer David Lohr. Chapter One was titled "A Serial Killer Is Born." In July, a package dropped into the return slot at a public library contained more bizarre material, including the claim that he was responsible for the death of 19-year-old Jake Allen in Argonia, Kansas, earlier that month. This claim was false, and the death was ruled a suicide.[47]

After his capture, Rader admitted in his interrogation that he had been planning to kill again and he had set a date, October 2004, and was stalking his intended victim.[41] In October 2004, a manila envelope was dropped into a UPS box in Wichita. It had many cards with images of terror and bondage of children pasted on them, a poem threatening the life of lead investigator Lt. Ken Landwehr, and a false autobiography with many details about Rader's life. These details were later released to the public.[48] In December 2004, Wichita police received another package from the BTK killer.[49] This time, the package was found in Wichita's Murdock Park. It had the driver's license of Nancy Fox, which was noted as stolen from the crime scene, as well as a doll that was symbolically bound at the hands and feet, and had a plastic bag tied over its head.[47]

In January 2005, Rader attempted to leave a cereal box in the bed of a pickup truck at a Home Depot in Wichita, but the box was discarded by the truck's owner. It was later retrieved from the trash after Rader asked what had become of it in a later message. Surveillance tape of the parking lot from that date revealed a distant figure driving a black Jeep Cherokee leaving the box in the pickup. In February 2005, more postcards were sent to KAKE, and another cereal box left at a rural location was found to contain another bound doll.[50]

In his letters to police, Rader asked if his writings, if put on a floppy disk, could be traced or not. The police answered his question in a newspaper ad posted in The Wichita Eagle, saying it would be safe to use the disk. On February 16, 2005, Rader sent a purple 1.44-Megabyte Memorex floppy disk to Fox affiliate KSAS-TV in Wichita.[51][52] Also enclosed were a letter, a gold-colored necklace with a large medallion, and a photocopy of the cover of Rules of Prey, a 1989 novel by John Sandford about a serial killer.[52]

Police found metadata embedded in a deleted Microsoft Word document that was, unknown to Rader, still stored on the floppy disk.[53] The metadata contained the words "Christ Lutheran Church", and the document was marked as last modified by "Dennis".[54] An Internet search determined that a "Dennis Rader" was president of the church council.[51] When investigators drove by Rader's house, a black Jeep Cherokee—the type of vehicle seen in the Home Depot surveillance footage—was parked outside.[55] This was strong circumstantial evidence against Rader, but they needed more direct evidence to detain him.[56]

Police obtained a warrant to test a pap smear taken from Rader's daughter at the Kansas State University medical clinic. DNA tests showed a "familial match" between the pap smear and the sample from Wegerle's fingernails; this indicated that the killer was closely related to Rader's daughter, and combined with the other evidence was enough for police to arrest Rader.[57]

Arrest

Rader was arrested while driving near his home in Park City shortly after noon on February 25, 2005.[58] An officer asked, "Mr. Rader, do you know why you're going downtown?" Rader replied, "Oh, I have suspicions why."[59][60] Wichita Police, the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, the FBI, and ATF agents searched Rader's home and vehicle, seizing evidence including computer equipment, a pair of black pantyhose retrieved from a shed, and a cylindrical container. The church he attended, his office at City Hall, and the main branch of the Park City library were also searched. At a press conference the next morning, Wichita Police Chief Norman Williams announced, "the bottom line: BTK is arrested."[61][62]

On February 28, 2005, Rader was charged with 10 counts of first degree murder.[63] Soon after his arrest, the Associated Press cited an anonymous source alleging that Rader had confessed to other murders in addition to those with which he had been connected.[64] However, the Sedgwick County district attorney denied the story, yet refused to say whether Rader had made any confessions, or if investigators were looking into Rader's possible involvement in more unsolved killings.[65] On March 5, news sources claimed to have verified by multiple sources that Rader had confessed to the 10 murders he was charged with, but no other ones.[66]

On March 1, Rader's bail was set at US$10 million, and a public defender was appointed to represent him.[67] On May 3, the judge entered not guilty pleas on Rader's behalf, as Rader did not speak at his arraignment;[68] however, on June 27, the scheduled trial date, Rader changed his plea to guilty. He described the murders in detail, and made no apologies.[69][70][71]

At Rader's August 18 sentencing, victims' families made statements, after which Rader apologized in a rambling 30-minute monologue that the prosecutor likened to an Academy Awards acceptance speech.[72] His statement has been described as an example of an often-observed phenomenon among psychopaths: their inability to understand the emotional content of language.[73] He was sentenced to 10 consecutive life sentences, with a minimum of 175 years.[74] Kansas had no death penalty at the time of the murders.[72] On August 19, he was moved to the El Dorado Correctional Facility.[75]

Rader talked about innocuous topics such as the weather during the 40-minute drive to El Dorado, but began to cry when the victims' families' statements from the court proceedings came on the radio. He is now in solitary confinement for his protection (with one hour of exercise per day, and showers three times per week). This will likely continue indefinitely. Beginning in 2006, he was allowed access to television and radio, to read magazines, and other privileges for good behavior.[75][76]

Further investigations

Following Rader's arrest, police in Wichita, Park City and several surrounding cities looked into unsolved cases with the cooperation of the state police and the FBI. They particularly focused on cases after 1994, when the death penalty was reinstated in Kansas. Police in surrounding states such as Nebraska, Missouri, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas also investigated cold cases that fit Rader's pattern to some extent. The FBI, and local jurisdictions at Rader's former duty stations checked into unsolved cases during Rader's time in the service.

After exhaustive investigations, none of these agencies discovered any further murders attributable to Rader, confirming early suspicions that Rader would have taken credit for any additional murders that he had committed. The ten known murders are now believed to be the only murders for which Rader is actually responsible, although Wichita police are fairly certain that Rader stalked and researched a number of other potential victims. This includes one person who was saved when Rader called off his planned attack upon his arrival near the target's home due to the presence of construction and road crews nearby. Rader stated in his police interview that "there are a lot of lucky people", meaning that he had thought about and developed various levels of murder plans for other victims.[21]

Evaluation by Robert Mendoza

Massachusetts psychologist Robert Mendoza was hired by Rader's court-appointed public defenders to conduct a psychological evaluation of Rader, and determine if an insanity-based defense might be viable. He conducted an interview after Rader had pleaded guilty on June 27, 2005. Mendoza diagnosed Rader with narcissistic, antisocial and obsessive–compulsive personality disorders: He observed that Rader has a grandiose sense of self, a belief that he is "special" and therefore entitled to special treatment; a pathological need for attention and admiration; a preoccupation with maintaining rigid order and structure; and a complete lack of empathy.[77]

The videotape of Mendoza's interview ended up being used on NBC's "Dateline". NBC claimed Rader knew the interview might be televised, but this was false according to the Sedgwick County Sheriff's Office. Rader mentioned the interview during his sentencing statement. On October 25, 2005, the Kansas attorney general filed a petition to sue Mendoza and Tali Waters, co-owners of Cambridge Forensic Consultants, LLC, for breach of contract, claiming that they intended to benefit financially from the use of information obtained through involvement in Rader's defense. On May 10, 2007, Mendoza settled the case for US$30,000 with no admission of wrongdoing.[78]

Victims
Name Sex Age Date of death Place of death Cause of death Weapon used
Joseph Otero M 38 January 15, 1974 803 N. Edgemoor Street, Wichita Suffocated Plastic bag
Julia Maria Otero F 33 Strangled Rope
Joseph Otero, Jr. M 9 Suffocated Plastic bag
Josephine Otero F 11 Hanged Rope
Kathryn Doreen Bright F 21 April 4, 1974 3217 E. 13th Street N., Wichita
(died at Wesley Medical Center)		 Stabbed three times
in abdomen[79]		 Knife
Kevin Bright M 19 - Escaped Survived Gun[80][81]
Shirley Ruth Vian Relford F 24 March 17, 1977 1311 S. Hydraulic Street, Wichita Strangled Rope
Nancy Jo Fox F 25 December 8, 1977 843 S. Pershing Street, Wichita Strangled Belt
Marine Wallace Hedge F 53 April 27, 1985 6254 N. Independence Street,
Park City		 Strangled Hand(s)
Vicki Lynn Wegerle F 28 September 16, 1986 2404 W. 13th Street N., Wichita Strangled Nylon stocking
Dolores Earline Johnson Davis F 62 January 19, 1991 6226 N. Hillside Street, Wichita
(east of Park City)		 Strangled Pantyhose

In media

Forensic psychologist Katherine Ramsland compiled Confession of a Serial Killer from her five-year correspondence with Rader.[82]

Multiple works draw on the case:

  • Stephen King has said his novella A Good Marriage, and the film based on it, were inspired by the BTK killer.[83]
  • Novelist Thomas Harris has said that the character of Francis Dolarhyde in his 1981 novel Red Dragon is partially based on the then-unidentified BTK Killer.[84]
  • Episode 4 of season 6 (2004) of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit is based on this case.[85]
  • Episode 15 of season 1 (2006) of Criminal Minds is based on Rader's murders.[86][87]
  • Rader's case is portrayed in Episode 1 of season 2 (2022) on the Netflix series Catching Killers.[88]
  • A character based on Rader played by actor Sonny Valicenti appears in the Netflix series Mindhunter.[89][90]
  • Kane Hodder portrays Rader in the 2008 movie B.T.K., the film is a half biopic and half fictionalized account of the murders.[91]
  • The antagonist from the movie The Clovehitch Killer was inspired by Dennis Rader.[92]
  • Thrash metal band Exodus wrote a song entitled "BTK", which was inspired by Dennis Rader's crime history.[93]
  • The song "Raider II" from Steven Wilson's 2011 album Grace for Drowning is written primarily about Rader's murders.[94]

See also
  • I Survived BTK
  • List of serial killers in the United States
  • List of serial killers by number of victims

References
  1. "Disclaimer". kdocrepository.doc.ks.gov.
  2. "KDOC inmate number 0083707". Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  3. Hegeman, Roxana (March 17, 2015). "BTK suspect served in Alabama". The Gadsden Times. Gadsden, Alabama. Associated Press.
  4. Siegel, Larry (January 19, 2012). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies. Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-133-71052-3. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  5. Bauer, Craig P. (March 25, 2013). Secret History: The Story of Cryptology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4665-6186-1. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  6. Hickey, Eric W. (2012). Serial Murderers and Their Victims. Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-285-40168-3. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  7. Douglas, John (2008). Inside the Mind of BTK. Wiley. p. 130. ISBN 9780470325155. Dennis Lynn Rader was born just outside the tiny town of Columbus, Kansas, on March 9, 1945 ...
  8. Ramsland, Katherine M. (2016). Confession of a Serial Killer. University Press of New England. p. 36. ISBN 9781611689730.
  9. Minutaglio, Rose (August 30, 2018). "The BTK Killer Brutally Murdered 10 People. In Chilling New Audio, He Explains Why". Esquire. Retrieved June 27, 2021. Rader was born on March 9, 1945 in the tiny town of Pittsburg, Kansas.
  10. "BTK serial killer Dennis Rader said 'a demon within me' made him murder". Fox News. New York City: News Corp. September 4, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via news.au.com.
  11. Murphy, Hannah (September 12, 2016). "BTK Serial Killer: What We Learned From Confessional New Book". Rolling Stone. New York City: Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  12. Mellor, Lee (2016). "Sexually Sadistic Homicide Offenders". In Swart, Joan; Mellor, Lee (eds.). Homicide: A Forensic Psychology Textbook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-315-37001-9.
  13. Crawford, Matthew I. (March 8, 2017). "Profile of a Serial Killer: Dennis Rader, the BTK Strangler". Owlcation. Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University.
  14. Ramsland, Katherine (2016). Confession of a Serial Killer: The Untold Story of Dennis Rader, the BTK Killer. Lebanon, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-61168-973-0.
  15. Vander Hayden, Aly (August 31, 2018). "The Creepy Bondage Selfies The BTK Took In Between His Murders". Oxygen. New York City: NBCUniversal. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  16. "Evolution of a Serial Killer: Dennis Rader, BTK". PsychologyToday.com.
  17. Sylvester, Ron (March 14, 2007). "Investigators tell of grisly crimes, Rader's delight". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  18. "A Double Life: Dennis Rader lived quietly while killing 10" (PDF). The Wichita Eagle. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  19. King, Gary C.; Allen, Kevin P. "Criminal Profile: Dennis Lynn Rader". Investigation Discovery. Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  20. "Raders' divorce granted". The Wichita Eagle. March 27, 2012. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  21. Wenzl, Roy; Potter, Tim; Laviana, Hurst; Kelly, L. (May 27, 2008). Bind, Torture, Kill: The Inside Story of BTK, the Serial Killer Next Door. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-137395-4. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  22. Twiddy, David (March 1, 2005). "BTK Suspect's Career in Security Probed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014 – via HighBeam Research.
  23. McClellan, Janet (May 18, 2010). Erotophonophilia: Investigating Lust Murder. Amherst, New York: Cambria Press. pp. 157, 173. ISBN 978-1-62196-929-7. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  24. Buselt, Lori O'Toole (March 3, 2005). "Park City Council dismisses Rader". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  25. "Neighbor: I Watched BTK Suspect Shoot Dog". ABC News. February 27, 2005. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  26. Meadows, Bob; Klise, Kate; Comander, Lauren; Grisby, Lorna; Haederle, Michael (March 21, 2005). "The BTK Case: the Killer Unmasked?". People. Vol. 63, no. 11. New York City: Meredith Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014. The trait served Rader well in his next job, as a compliance officer for Park City, a Wichita suburb—but his nit-picking won him few friends.
  27. Romano, Lois (March 6, 2005). "Portrait of Suspect in BTK Cases Emerging". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  28. Interview with Misty King; A&E Documentary Special—The BTK Killer Speaks
  29. "People at CLC – Christ Lutheran Church – Wichita, Kansas". Archived from the original on February 6, 2005.
  30. "BTK killer's wife granted an emergency divorce". NBC News. Associated Press. July 27, 2005. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  31. Dooley, Sean; Effron, Lauren; Smith, Jenner (January 22, 2019). "BTK serial killer's daughter: 'We were living our normal life. ... Then everything upended on us'". ABC News. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  32. Potter, Tim (May 11, 2013). "Charlie Otero finds peace, stability nearly 40 years after BTK murders". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas: McClatchy. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  33. "BTK serial killer's victim families to address court". The New York Times. New York City. August 18, 2005. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  34. "BTK: 'I took her to the basement and...hung her'". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. June 27, 2005. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  35. Finger, Stan (July 2, 2005). "Victim's family files suit against Rader". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas: McClatchy.
  36. "Transcription of poem "Oh! Death to Nancy"" (PDF). www.wichita.gov. Wichita, Kansas: City of Wichita. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2006. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
  37. Douglas, John; Dodd, Johnny (November 3, 2008). Inside the Mind of BTK: The True Story Behind the Thirty-Year Hunt for the Notorious Wichita Serial Killer. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-470-43768-1. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  38. "City's 'BTK Strangler' claims he's killed 7". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas: McClatchy. February 11, 1978. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Kansas.com.
  39. Bardsley, Marilyn; Bell, Rachael; Lohr, David. "The BTK Story – More Clues Revealed". Crime Library. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
  40. "BTK took body to church, says investigator". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. August 18, 2005. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  41. A&E Documentary Special – The BTK Killer Speaks
  42. Geberth, Vernon (2010). Sex-Related Homicide and Death Investigation: Practical and Clinical Perspectives. Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press. p. 628. ISBN 978-1-4398-2656-0.
  43. "BTK Strangler resurfaces after 25 years". The Scotsman. March 28, 2004. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  44. "'BTK' serial killer caught". The Age. February 27, 2005. Archived from the original on May 28, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  45. "Police destroy 1,326 DNA samples taken in BTK investigation". USA Today. May 31, 2006. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  46. Singular, Stephen (March 27, 2007). Unholy Messenger: The Life and Crimes of the BTK Serial Killer. Simon & Schuster. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-1-4165-3154-8. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  47. Potter, Tim (July 10, 2005). "After 31 years and 10 deaths pieces fall in place". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  48. Saunokonoko, Mark (August 28, 2019). "How vanity and a rogue Microsoft Word document led to the capture of evil 'BTK' serial killer". 9news.com.au. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
  49. Girard, James E. (2013). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 417. ISBN 978-1-4496-9180-6. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  50. Hansen, Mark (May 1, 2006). "How the Cops Caught BTK: Playing to a serial killer's ego helped crack the case". ABA Journal. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
  51. "Cops Make Arrest in BTK Probe". Fox News. New York City: News Corp. February 27, 2005. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  52. Sandford, John (March 3, 2005). "Camp novel crops up in the BTK case". Star-Tribune. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008 – via johnsandford.org.
  53. Girard, James E. (2013). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 417. ISBN 978-1-4496-9180-6. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  54. "BTK Kansas Serial Killer – Full BTK Story". Crime Library. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008.
  55. Potter, Tim (March 14, 2007). "Police tell details of BTK hunt". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  56. Potter, Tim; Finger, Stan (July 10, 2005). "Policeman details capture of BTK killer". Lawrence Journal-World. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  57. Nakashima, Ellen (April 21, 2008). "From DNA of Family, a Tool to Make Arrests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  58. Nye, Valerie; Barco, Kathy (2012). True Stories of Censorship Battles in America's Libraries. American Library Association. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-8389-1130-3. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  59. Magnus, Edie (August 24, 2005). "31 years of the BTK killer". MSNBC. Archived from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  60. Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (March 14, 2011). Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4129-8031-9. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  61. "CNN.com – Report: Daughter of BTK suspect alerted police – Apr 19, 2005". CNN. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  62. Samuelson, Andy (February 27, 2005). "Wichita police: 'BTK is arrested'". Lawrence Journal-World. Lawrence, Kansas: Ogden Newspapers Inc. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  63. "BTK Serial Killer Suspect's Charges – State of Kansas v. Dennis Rader (page 6)". findlaw.com. February 28, 2005. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  64. "'BTK' Serial Killer in Custody, Claims Police". St. Petersburg Times. March 1, 2005. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  65. "BTK Suspect Said to Confess to 6 Slayings". USA Today. Associated Press. February 27, 2005. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  66. Finger, Stan; Potter, Tim (March 6, 2005). "Rader has admitted to killings, daily says". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Company. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  67. "Victim's brother describes killing linked to BTK". CNN. March 2, 2005. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  68. Strongin, Dana; Laviana, Hurst (May 5, 2005). "Families of BTK victims prepare to wait". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  69. "Anger, Relief Over BTK Confessions". CBS News. June 28, 2005. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  70. Hansen, Mark (April 21, 2006). "How the Cops Caught BTK". ABA Journal. American Bar Association. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  71. Sales, Leigh (June 28, 2005). "US Serial Killer pleads guilty to ten murders". The World Today. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  72. "BTK killer sentenced to 10 consecutive life terms". WHO-TV (AP). August 19, 2005. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
  73. Gray, Richard M. (2010). "Psychopathy and the Will to Power: Ted Bundy and Dennis Rader". In Waller, Sara (ed.). Serial Killers – Philosophy for Everyone: Being and Killing. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 198–99. ISBN 978-1-4443-4140-9. For most people, emotional words and scenes lead to heightened activity in the amygdala as the emotional sense of the situation overcomes them, often shutting down higher functions. For psychopaths, the amygdala responds less powerfully to the same items and when it does respond it does so in step with higher cortical activity. The cortex is the brain area associated with rational thought and interpretive functions. So, psychopaths presented with an emotional stimulus have to think about its meaning and rationally make sense of it in order to parse their response. They do not feel the effects of others' fear, sadness, or pain, so they have to work to interpret their environment.
    This characteristic appears clearly in the allocution of Dennis Rader, the BTK Killer. Standing in court before the judge, the victims' families, and the assembled press, Rader listened as the judge read out the details of his offenses. Without blinking an eye, Rader stopped the judge at several junctures to correct some minor detail. Unmoved by the enormity of his crimes or the responses of the people gathered there, Rader makes almost casual responses to the facts in the case; at one point making mouth noises as he sought a precise fact. This is a man who cannot even begin to appreciate the impact he had on others.
  74. Coates, Sam (August 19, 2005). "Rader Gets 175 Years For BTK Slayings". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Washington Post Company. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
  75. "Dennis Rader's listing on the Kansas Department of Corrections Kansas Adult Supervised Population Electronic Repository site". Archived from the original on November 25, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  76. Vries, Lloyd (April 24, 2006). "BTK Killer Gets Extra Jail Perks". CBS News. New York City: CBS Corporation. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  77. Ramsland, pp. 217–218.
  78. "BTK Psychologist to Pay State". WIBW. Associated Press. May 10, 2007. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  79. Dangelo, Adrian (November 12, 2014). Robert Beattie Nightmare in Wichita: The Hunt for the BTK Strangler. p. 47. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  80. "Living victim sues Rader". The Witchita Eagle. August 19, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  81. Hayden, Aly Vander (August 20, 2019). "Everything You Need To Know About BTK, The Disturbing Killer Shown In 'Mindhunter'". Oxygen Official Site. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  82. Ramsland, pg. 1
  83. Wenzl, Roy (September 26, 2014). "Daughter of Wichita serial killer BTK; Stephen King 'exploiting my father's 10 victims'". The Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Missouri: McClatchy. Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  84. Beattie, Robert (2005). Nightmare in Wichita. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-451-21738-1.
  85. "Ahead of the Season 22 Premiere, We Ranked the 30 Best Law & Order: SVU Episodes Ever". November 12, 2020.
  86. Ramsland, Katherine (2010). The Forensic Psychology of Criminal Minds. New York City: Penguin Publishing. p. 36. ASIN B0030CHFQC.
  87. La Jeunesse, Marilyn, Marilyn (March 1, 2019). "11 episodes of 'Criminal Minds' that were likely inspired by real-life crimes". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
  88. "Catching Killers". IMDb. February 9, 2022.
  89. Leiker, Amy Renée (October 16, 2017). "That creepy ADT guy on 'Mindhunter'? He's based on a Kansas serial killer". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas. Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  90. Robinson, Joanna (October 17, 2017). "Mindhunter: Who is the ADT Killer from Kansas?". Vanity Fair. New York City: Condé Nast. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  91. "B.T.K." IMDb. July 8, 2008.
  92. "Is The Clovehitch Killer Based On The BTK Murders True Story?". ScreenRant. May 10, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  93. "Lyrics for BTK by Exodus". Songfacts. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  94. The Raven that Refused to Sing – Concert Review

Further reading
  • Beattie, Robert. Nightmare in Wichita: The Hunt for the BTK Strangler. New American Library, 2005. ISBN 0-451-21738-1.
  • Davis, Jeffrey M. The Shadow of Evil: Where Is God in a Violent World?. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1996. ISBN 0-7872-1981-9. (Davis is the son of BTK victim Dolores Davis.)
  • Douglas, John E. Inside the Mind of BTK: The True Story Behind Thirty Years of Hunting for the Wichita Serial Killer. Jossey Bass Wiley, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7879-8484-7.
  • Ramsland, Katherine. Confession of a Serial Killer: The Untold Story of Dennis Rader, the BTK Killer. Foredge, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5126-0152-7.
  • Rawson, Kerri. A Serial Killer's Daughter: My Story of Faith, Love, and Overcoming. Thomas Nelson, 2019. ISBN 978-1400201754.
  • Singular, Stephen. Unholy Messenger: The Life and Crimes of the BTK Serial Killer. Scribner Book Company, 2006. ISBN 1-4001-5252-6.
  • Smith, Carlton. The BTK Murders: Inside the "Bind Torture Kill" Case that Terrified America's Heartland. St. Martin's True Crime, 2006. ISBN 0-312-93905-1.
  • Wenzl, Roy; Potter, Tim; Laviana, Hurst; Kelly, L. Bind, Torture, Kill: The Inside Story of the Serial Killer Next Door. HC an imprint of HarperCollins, 2007. ISBN 978-0-06-124650-0.
  • Welch, Larry. Beyond Cold Blood: The KBI from Ma Barker to BTK. University Press of Kansas, 2012. ISBN 978-0-7006-1885-9.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.