Cannes

By the 2nd century BC, the Ligurian Oxybii established a settlement here known as Aegitna (Ancient Greek: Αἴγιτνα).[3] Historians are unsure what the name means. The area was a fishing village used as a port of call between the Lérins Islands.

Cannes seen from Spot Satellite

In 154 BC, it became the scene of violent but quick conflict between the troops of Quintus Opimius and the Oxybii.[4]

In the 10th century, the town was known as Canua.[5] The name may derive from "canna", a reed. Canua was probably the site of a small Ligurian port, and later a Roman outpost on Le Suquet hill, suggested by Roman tombs discovered here. Le Suquet housed an 11th-century tower, which overlooked swamps where the city now stands. Most of the ancient activity, especially protection, was on the Lérins Islands, and the history of Cannes is closely tied to the history of the islands.

An attack by the Saracens in 891, who remained until the end of the 10th century, devastated the country around Canua. The insecurity of the Lérins islands forced the monks to settle on the mainland, at the Suquet. Construction of a castle in 1035 fortified the city by then known as Cannes, and at the end of the 11th century construction was started on two towers on the Lérins islands. One took a century to build.

Around 1530, Cannes detached from the monks who had controlled the city for hundreds of years and became independent.

During the 18th century, both the Spanish and British tried to gain control of the Lérins Islands but were chased away by the French. The islands were later controlled by many, such as Jean-Honoré Alziary and the Bishop of Fréjus. They had many different purposes: in the middle of the 19th century, one served as a hospital for soldiers wounded in the Crimean War.

Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux bought land at the Croix des Gardes and constructed the villa Eleonore-Louise. His work to improve living conditions attracted the English aristocracy, who also built winter residences.[6]

At the end of the 19th century, several railways were completed, which prompted the arrival of streetcars. In Cannes, projects such as the Boulevard Carnot and the rue d'Antibes were carried out. After the closure of the Casino des Fleurs (hôtel Gallia), a luxury establishment was built for the rich winter clientele, the Casino Municipal next to the pier Albert-Edouard. This casino was demolished and replaced by the new Palace in 1979.

In the 20th century, new luxury hotels such as the Carlton, Majestic, Martinez, and JW Marriott Cannes were built. The city was modernised with a sports centre, a post office, and schools. There were fewer British and German tourists after the First World War, but more Americans. Winter tourism gave way to summer tourism, and the summer casino at the Palm Beach was constructed.

In 1931, Karan Singh the crown prince of Jammu and Kashmir was born at the Martinez Hotel.

The city council had the idea of starting an international film festival shortly after World War II.

On 3 November 2011, it hosted the 2011 G20 summit.

Cannes has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) and the city enjoys 11 hours of sunshine per day during summer (July), while in winter (December to February) the weather is mild. Both seasons see a relatively low rainfall and most rain occurs during October and November, when over 100 mm (3.9 in) falls.

Cannes summers are long and warm, with summer daytime temperatures regularly hitting 30 °C (86 °F), while average temperatures are about 25 °C (77 °F). Temperatures remain high from June to September, the busiest time of the year.

Mean temperatures drop below 10 °C (50 °F) for only three months of the year (December to February). The spring and autumn are also warm, although more suited to those who prefer slightly cooler weather.

The Promenade de la Croisette is the waterfront avenue with palm trees. La Croisette is known for picturesque beaches, restaurants, cafés, boutiques and luxury hotels. Le Suquet, the old town, provides a good view of La Croisette. The fortified tower and the Chapelle Sainte-Anne house the Musée des Explorations du monde. A distinctive building in Cannes is the Russian Orthodox church.

Île Sainte-Marguerite

St Marguerite Island

It took the Man in the Iron Mask 11 years to leave the tiny, forested St Marguerite Island. The mysterious individual was believed to be of noble blood, but his identity has never been proven. His cell can be visited in the Fort of St Marguerite, now renamed the Musée de la Mer (Museum of the Sea). This museum also houses discoveries from shipwrecks off the island, including Roman (1st century BC) and Saracen (10th century AD) ceramics.

Île Saint-Honorat

St Honorat Island

Cistercian monks are the only inhabitants of the smaller, southern St Honorat Island. Monks have inhabited the island since AD 410 and, at the height of their powers, owned Cannes, Mougins, and Vallauris. Medieval vestiges remain in the stark church, which is open to the public, and in the ruins of the 11th-century monastery on the sea shore. The monks inhabit the Lérins Abbey and divide their time between prayer and producing red and white wines.

Festivals and show events

Festival d'art pyrotechnique de Cannes 2021

• The Cannes Film Festival founded in 1946 is held annually, usually in May, at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.
• The Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity is a global event and awards show for those working in advertising and related fields, held annually in June.
• The Festival d'art pyrotechnique de Cannes is an annual fireworks competition held in the summer at the Bay of Cannes.
• Midem, the foremost trade show for the music industry.
• MIPIM, the world's largest property-related trade show.
• Carnival on the Riviera is an annual parade through the streets to mark the 21-day period prior to Shrove Tuesday.
• The International Festival of Games is festival of bridge, belote, backgammon, chess, draughts, tarot and more (February).
• Cannes Yachting Festival is an event for boating enthusiasts in the Vieux Port (September).
• The International Actors' Performance Festival: comedy sketches and performances by fringe artists
• The International Luxury Travel Market brings together under one roof the top international luxury travel providers and suppliers from all around the world.
• The Global Champions Tour showjumping league has an annual event in the ports of Cannes.
• MIPCOM and MIPTV, held in October and April respectively, the world's most important trade markets for the television industry.
• The Pan-African Film Festival, held in early April and featuring films from the African diaspora.

The Cannes Mandelieu aero centre

The area around Cannes has developed into a high-tech cluster. The technopolis of Sophia Antipolis lies in the hills beyond Cannes. The Film Festival is a major event for the industry which takes place every year during the month of May. In addition, Cannes hosts other major annual events such as the MIPIM, MIPTV, MIDEM, Cannes Lions, and the NRJ Music Awards.[13] There is an annual television festival in the last week in September.

The economic environment is based on tourism, business fairs, trade and aviation. Cannes has 6,500 companies, of which 3,000 are traders, artisans and service providers. In 2006, 421 new companies were registered.

Cannes hosts the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center, headquarters of Thales Alenia Space, the first European satellite manufacturer.

Cannes is home to the football side AS Cannes, which currently plays in the French third division. The club is notable for having launched the professional career of Zinedine Zidane.

The city hosts the Jumping International de Cannes international horse jumping event every June.

Cannes women's volleyball team RC Cannes has been very successful (won twenty French Championships and two CEV Champions League).

Nice Côte d'Azur Airport

Located 24 km (15 mi) from Cannes, Nice Côte d'Azur Airport has close to 10 million passengers a year. Marseille Provence Airport is also 150 km (93 mi) away. The smaller Cannes – Mandelieu Airport is nearby. CannesExpress operate a regular door-to-door airport shuttle service between Nice Airport and hotels/accommodations in Cannes. Price per seat is 20 Euros.

Rail

Cannes station is the main railway station for the city of Cannes. It is situated on the Marseille–Ventimiglia railway.

There are several rail services including: TGVs from Paris Gare de Lyon to Nice, a TER from Marseille St Charles to Nice, a TER service from Cannes to Les Arcs, a TER service from Grasse/Cannes to Ventimiglia (Italy), and an occasional Thello (Italian train) from Marseille St Charles to Milan.

Cannes-la-Bocca station is both a passenger station and a goods/maintenance depot. It is situated alongside the beach and a connection to local ferries. There are three more stations on the line to Grasse: Le Bosquet, La Frayère and Ranguin.

Bus

Coach services arrive at the Gare Routière de Cannes, in the centre of the city, near the Town Hall. Companies from abroad include Eurolines and Agence Phocéens. Regional services are by Rapides Côte d'Azur and CTM, with services from Nice and Grasse/Mandelieu respectively. Local bus services are provided by Bus Azur.

Ferry

Ferries are available in Nice harbour from Bastia and Calvi in Corsica, with services provided by SNCM Ferryterranée and Corsica Ferries. From Bastia, the journey is 4 hours, 45 minutes on conventional ferries and 3 hours, 40 minutes on express ferries, while from Calvi, conventional vessels take 3 hours, 45 minutes and express vessels take 2 hours, 45 minutes. An average of four ferries a day sail on these routes, with more during summer.

The Port

Cannes has 2 marinas - Vieux Port de Cannes (with 800 berths up to 145 m in length[14]) beside the Palais des Festivals and Port Pierre Canto at the far end of the Croisette. Vieux Port is the main port and used for cruise stopovers and yacht charters.

Panorama of Cannes waterfront, from which many ferries can be caught.

Cannes is twinned with:

Cannes has friendship pacts with:

• 
  Palais des Festivals et des Congrès
• 
  The Croisette gardens
• 
  The old harbour
• 
  Le Suquet, the old quarter of Cannes
• 
  Promenade de la Croisette
• 
  Cannes in 1950

• Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

Published in the 19th century

• "Cannes", A Handbook for Travellers in France (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1861, OL 24627024M
• C. B. Black (1896), "Cannes", The Riviera; or, the Coast from Marseilles to Leghorn (9th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black

Published in the 20th century

• Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Cannes" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). p. 184.
• "Cannes", Southern France, including Corsica (6th ed.), Leipzig: Baedeker, 1914, OL 24364670M

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cannes.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cannes.

Look up Cannes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cannes".

• Cannes at Curlie (in English)
• The City Hall official website (in French)
• Cannes Tourist Office official website (in English)
• Cannes Film Festival official website (in French and English)
• Cannes Today guide (in Russian and English)