Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI

The Kingdom of France (the remnant of the preceding absolutist Kingdom of France) was a constitutional monarchy that governed France from 3 September 1791 until 21 September 1792, when this constitutional monarchy was succeeded by the First Republic.

Kingdom of France
Royaume de France
1791–1792
State Coat of arms
Motto: La Nation, la Loi, le Roi
"The Nation, the Law, the King"
Anthem: Marche Henri IV (1590–1830)
"March of Henry IV"
Kingdom of France, September 1791 – September 1792
CapitalParis
Common languagesFrench
Religion
Roman Catholicism
(state religion)
Demonym(s)French
GovernmentParliamentary Constitutional monarchy
King of the French 
 1791–1792
Louis XVI
LegislatureLegislative Assembly
History 
 Flight to Varennes
20–21 June 1791
 Constitution adopted
3 September 1791
 Storming of the Tuileries
10 August 1792
 Republic proclaimed
21 September 1792
CurrencyAssignat
ISO 3166 codeFR
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of France
French First Republic
Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI

Cabinet of Kingdom of France
Date formed3 September 1791 (1791-09-03)
Date dissolved21 September 1792 (1792-09-21)
People and organisations
Head of stateKing Louis XVI
Head of governmentKing Louis XVI
No. of ministers5
Ministers removed19
Total no. of members24
Member partyIndependents, Feuillants, Moderate Jacobins (1792)
Status in legislatureLegislative Assembly
Opposition partyJacobins
Opposition leaderGeorges Couthon, Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud and others
History
Election(s)1791
Legislature term(s)6 September 1791 – 2 September 1792
SuccessorGovernment of the National Convention

On 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced king Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, thus turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy.

After the 10 August 1792 Storming of the Tuileries Palace, the Legislative Assembly on 11 August 1792 suspended this constitutional monarchy.[1] The freshly elected National Convention abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792, ending 203 years of consecutive Bourbon rule over France.

Background

France had been undergoing a revolution in its government and social orders. A National Assembly declared itself into being and promulgated their intention to provide France with a fair and liberal constitution.[2] Louis XVI moved to Paris in October of that year but grew to detest Paris and organised an escape plot in 1791. The escape plot known as the Flight to Varennes ultimately failed to materialise and destroyed any positive public opinion for the monarchy.[3] Louis XVI's brothers-in-exile in Coblenz rallied for an invasion of France. Austria and Prussia responded to the royal brothers' cries and released the Declaration of Pillnitz in August. The declaration stated that Prussia and Austria wished to restore Louis XVI to absolute power but would only attempt to do so with the assistance of the other European powers.[4]

Constitution

Louis XVI was forced to submit the Constitution of 1791 by the National Assembly in the aftermath of his Flight to Varennes in the Austrian Netherlands.[5] The Constitution of 1791, which established the Kingdom of the French, was revolutionary in its content. It abolished the nobility of France and created all men equal before the law. Louis XVI had the ability to veto legislation that he did not approve of, as the legislation still needed Royal Assent to come into force.[6]

Republic

Louis XVI reluctantly declared war on Austria on 20 April 1792 bowing to the assembly's wishes. Prussia allied with Austria and therefore France was at war with Prussia as well.[7] The Brunswick Manifesto of August 1792 issued by the Duke of Brunswick, Commander of the Austrian and Prussian military brought about the Storming of the Tuileries on 10 August 1792. The manifesto explicitly threatened the people of Paris with dire repercussions if they in any way harmed Louis XVI or his family.[8] The Legislative Assembly was inundated with requests for the monarchy's demise. The President of the National Assembly responded by suspending the monarchy on 11 August pending the outcome of elections for another assembly.[1] The newly elected National Convention elected under universal male suffrage abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792. The convention proclaimed a republic.[9] Louis was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793.

PortfolioMinisterTookofficeLeftofficeParty
King of the French6 September 17912 September 1792 N/A
Minister of Finances
Louis Hardouin Tarbé
29 May 179124 March 1792 Feuillant
Étienne Clavière
24 March 179213 June 1792 Girondins
Antoine Duranton
13 June 179218 June 1792 Girondins
Jules de Beaulieu
18 June 179229 July 1792 Independent
René Delaville-Leroulx
29 July 179210 August 1792 Independent
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart
29 November 179115 March 1792 Feuillant
Charles-François Dumouriez
15 March 179213 June 1792 Girondins
Pierre Paul de Méredieu
13 June 179218 June 1792 Independent
Victor de La Garde de Chambonas
18 June 179223 July 1792 Girondins
François Joseph de Gratet
23 July 17921 August 1792 Feuillant
Secretary of State for War
Louis de Narbonne-Lara
7 December 17919 March 1792 Feuillant
Pierre Marie de Grave
9 March 17929 May 1792 Feuillant
Joseph Servan
9 May 179213 June 1792 Girondins
Charles-François Dumouriez
13 June 179218 June 1792 Girondins
Pierre August Lajard
18 June 179223 July 1792 Feuillant
Charles d'Abancour
23 July 179210 August 1792 Feuillant
Secretary of State of the Navy
Claude Antoine de Valdec
18 September 17917 October 1791 Feuillant
Bertrand de Molleville
7 October 179116 March 1792 Feuillant
Jean de Lacoste
16 March 179221 July 1792 Independent
François Joseph de Gratet
21 July 179210 August 1792 Feuillant
Keeper of the Seals
François Duport-Dutertre
21 November 179023 March 1792 Feuillant
Jean-Marie Roland
16 March 179214 April 1792 Girondins
Antoine Duranton
14 April 17924 July 1792 Girondins
Étienne Dejoly
4 July 179210 August 1792 Feuillant

See also

  • Louis XVI and the Legislative Assembly

Citations

  1. Fraser, 454
  2. Hibbert, 63
  3. Hibbert, 130
  4. Hibbert, 143
  5. Jones, 426
  6. The Constitution of 1791 Archived 17 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Hibbert, 145
  8. Jones, 459
  9. Jones, 462

References

  • Fraser, Antonia: "Marie Antoinette: the Journey", Orion Books, London, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7538-1305-8
  • Hibbert, Christopher: "The French Revolution", Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1982, ISBN 978-0-14-004945-9
  • Jones, Colin: "The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon", Columbia University Press, New York, 2002, ISBN 0-231-12882-7

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