2002 FIFA World Cup

The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organized by FIFA. It was held from 31 May to 30 June 2002 at sites in South Korea and Japan, with its final match hosted by Japan at International Stadium in Yokohama.

2002 FIFA World Cup
2002 FIFA 월드컵 한국/일본
2002 FIFA Woldeu Keop Hanguk/Ilbon
2002 FIFAワールドカップ 韓国/日本
2002 FIFA Waarudo Kappu Kankoku/Nippon
Tournament details
Host countriesSouth Korea
Japan
Dates31 May – 30 June
Teams32 (from 5 confederations)
Venue(s)20 (in 20 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Brazil (5th title)
Runners-up Germany
Third place Turkey
Fourth place South Korea
Tournament statistics
Matches played64
Goals scored161 (2.52 per match)
Attendance2,705,198 (42,269 per match)
Top scorer(s) Ronaldo (8 goals)
Best player(s) Oliver Kahn
Best young player Landon Donovan
Best goalkeeper Oliver Kahn
Fair play award Belgium

A field of 32 teams qualified for this World Cup, which was the first to be held in Asia, the first to be held outside of the Americas or Europe, as well as the first to be jointly-hosted by more than one nation. China, Ecuador, Senegal, and Slovenia made their World Cup debuts.

The tournament had several upsets and surprise results, which included the defending champions France being eliminated in the group stage after earning a single point without scoring a goal and second favourites Argentina also being eliminated in the group stage. South Korea managed to reach the semi-finals, beating Portugal, Italy and Spain en route. They became the first and, as of 2022, only team from outside of the UEFA, CONMEBOL, and CONCACAF regions to reach the semi-finals of a World Cup. However, the most potent team at the tournament, Brazil, prevailed, winning the final against Germany 2–0, making them the first and only country to have won the World Cup five times.[1] The victory qualified Brazil for the 2003 and subsequently 2005 FIFA Confederations Cups, its fourth and fifth Confederations Cup appearance in a row. In the third place play-off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3–2, taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup, and scored the fastest goal in the FIFA World Cup history (10.8 seconds after kick-off).[2]

The 2002 World Cup was also the last one to use the golden goal rule.

Host selection
Korean Air Boeing 747 adorned with 2002 World Cup livery marking South Korea as co-hosts
Japanese 10,000 yen coin for the 2002 FIFA World Cup

South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996. Initially, South Korea, Japan and Mexico presented three rival bids. South Korea's entry into the race was seen by some as a response to the bid of political and sporting rival Japan.[3] FIFA leaders were split on whom to favor as host as politics within the world governing body held sway.[4] With Mexico regarded as a long shot, the battle to host the tournament came down to South Korea and Japan. The two Asian rivals went on a massive and expensive PR blitz around the world, prompting Sultan Ahmad Shah, the head of the Asian Football Confederation, to step in.[3] FIFA boss João Havelange had long backed the Japanese bid,[4] but his rival in FIFA, UEFA chief Lennart Johansson, sought to undermine Havelange's plans.[4] UEFA and the AFC viewed co-hosting between the two Asian rivals as the best option.[4] South Korea and Japan were finally faced with a choice of having no World Cup or a shared World Cup and they reluctantly chose to go along with co-hosting.[4] South Korea and Japan were chosen unanimously as co-hosts in preference to Mexico.[5] This was the first World Cup to be hosted by more than one country, the second being the 2026 World Cup, which will be hosted by the United States, Mexico and Canada. This is also the first ever World Cup to be hosted in Asia, the other being the upcoming 2022 FIFA World Cup twenty years later. The general secretary of South Korea's bidding committee, Song Young-shik, stated that FIFA was interested in staging some matches in North Korea in order to aid Korean reunification, but it was ruled out.[6]

At the time the decision was made, Japan had never qualified for a World Cup finals (although the Japanese did subsequently qualify for the 1998 competition). The only other countries to have been awarded a World Cup without previously having competed in a final tournament are Italy in 1934 and Qatar in 2022 (Uruguay hosted the first World Cup in 1930 so there was no prior tournament; they were defending Olympic champions from 1928).

The unusual choice of host proved an issue for football fans in Europe, used to watching international matches on or close to their time zone.[7] With games taking place in the European morning, some schools and businesses chose to open late on match days or set up communal watching events before the start of work.[8][9]

Qualification

199 teams attempted to qualify for the 2002 World Cup. The qualification process began with the preliminary draw held in Tokyo on 7 December 1999. Defending champions France and co-hosts South Korea and Japan qualified automatically and did not have to play any qualification matches. This was the final World Cup in which the defending champions qualified automatically.[10]

14 places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), five by CAF teams (Africa), four by CONMEBOL teams (South America), four by AFC teams (Asia) and three by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and the Caribbean). The remaining two places were decided by playoffs between AFC and UEFA and between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania). Four nations qualified for the finals for the first time: China, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia. As of 2022, this was the last occasion on which the Republic of Ireland, Turkey and China qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, as well as the last time that Australia and Switzerland failed to qualify.

Turkey qualified for the first time since 1954, Poland and Portugal both qualified for the first time since 1986 and Costa Rica and Uruguay qualified for the first time since 1990. Sweden, Russia and the Republic of Ireland also returned after missing the 1998 World Cup. 1998 semi-finalists the Netherlands, three-time participants in the 1990s Romania and Colombia, and Bulgaria, Morocco and Norway, who had participated in the previous two finals tournaments, alongside Iran which participated in the latest edition, failed to qualify, while South Korea set a record by appearing in a fifth successive finals tournament, the first nation from outside Europe or the Americas to achieve this feat.

All seven previous World Cup-winning nations (Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, and Uruguay) qualified, which broke the record of most previous champions at a tournament before the record was broken again in 2014. The highest ranked team not to qualify for the finals was Colombia (ranked 4th), while the lowest ranked team that did qualify was China PR (ranked 50th).

List of qualified teams

The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[11] qualified for the final tournament:

Venues

South Korea and Japan each provided 10 venues, the vast majority of them newly built for the tournament. Groups A–D played all their matches in South Korea and Groups E–H played all their matches in Japan.[12] The stadiums in Daegu, Suwon, Yokohama and Saitama all hosted 4 matches each, while the other 16 stadiums hosted 3 matches each. Notably, no matches were played in Tokyo, making it the first capital of a host country not to have a World Cup venue.[lower-alpha 1]

  • A cross denotes an indoor stadium.
South Korea
Daegu Seoul Busan Incheon Ulsan
Daegu World Cup Stadium Seoul World Cup Stadium Busan Asiad Stadium Incheon World Cup Stadium Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium
Capacity: 68,014[13] Capacity: 63,961[14] Capacity: 55,982[15] Capacity: 52,179[16] Capacity: 43,550[17]
Suwon Gwangju Jeonju Seogwipo Daejeon
Suwon World Cup Stadium Gwangju World Cup Stadium Jeonju World Cup Stadium Jeju World Cup Stadium Daejeon World Cup Stadium
Capacity: 43,188[18] Capacity: 42,880[19] Capacity: 42,391[20] Capacity: 42,256[21] Capacity: 40,407[22]

South Korea

Daejeon
Gwangju
Jeonju
Seogwipo
Ulsan
Japan

Japan

Kashima
Miyagi
Niigata
Ōita
Shizuoka
S. Korea
Japan
Yokohama Saitama Shizuoka Osaka Miyagi
International Stadium Yokohama Saitama Stadium Shizuoka Stadium ECOPA Nagai Stadium Miyagi Stadium
Capacity: 72,327[23] Capacity: 63,000[24] Capacity: 50,600[25] Capacity: 50,000[26] Capacity: 49,000[27]
Ōita Niigata Kashima Kobe Sapporo
Ōita Stadium Niigata Stadium Kashima Stadium Kobe Wing Stadium Sapporo Dome
Capacity: 43,000[28] Capacity: 42,300[29] Capacity: 42,000[30] Capacity: 42,000[31] Capacity: 42,000[32]

Match officials

There was much controversy over the refereeing in the tournament. Questionable decisions in the match between Italy and South Korea resulted in 400,000 complaints, and featured in ESPN's 10 most fabled World Cup controversies.[33] The match between Spain and South Korea featured two controversially disallowed Spanish goals, which Iván Helguera referred to as "a robbery" and led to Spanish press brandishing the officials "thieves of dreams", though FIFA dismissed the incident as human error.[34]

Squads

This was the first World Cup that featured squads of 23 players, an increase from 22 previously. Of the 23 players, 3 must be goalkeepers.

Draw

The FIFA Organising Committee announced the eight seeded teams on 28 November 2001. The historic tradition to seed the hosts (Japan and South Korea) and holders (France) was upheld; while the remaining five seeds were granted to the other five of the top six teams, ranked by their results in the last three FIFA World Cups (ratio 3:2:1) and their FIFA World Ranking position in the last month of the past three years (equal ratio).[35]

For the draw, the 32 teams were allocated into four pots; the eight top-seeded teams, were allocated in pot 1 and would be drawn/selected into the first position of the eight groups playing in the group stage. The remaining 24 unseeded teams, were allocated into three pots based on geographical sections, with the: 11 European teams in pot 2; two Asian teams and three South American teams in pot 3; three North American teams and five African teams in pot 4.[36]

The general principle was to draw one team from each pot into the eight groups, although with special combined procedures for pot 2 and pot 3, due to comprising more/less than eight teams - but sixteen teams in total. At the same time, the draw also needed to respect the geographical limitation, that each group could not feature more than one team from each confederation, except for the European teams where the limitation was maximum two per group. Finally, special limitations were also stipulated to evenly distribute the presence of teams from each confederation between the groups playing respectively in Korea (group A-D) and Japan (group E-H); while China for political considerations only could be drawn for one of the groups playing in Korea.[36]

Pot 1
Top-seeded teams
(DC + hosts + top 6 seeds)		 Pot 2
Europe
(UEFA)		 Pot 3
Asia & South America
(AFC & CONMEBOL)		 Pot 4
Africa & North America
(CAF & CONCACAF)

The FIFA Organising Committee decided ahead of the draw, to place the defending champions (France) in Group A; while the co-hosts South Korea and Japan were placed respectively in Group D and Group H. The procedure for the draw comprised the following six steps:[36][37]

  1. Pot 1 was used to draw, in alphabetic group order, the remaining five top-seeded teams for the first position of groups B, C, E, F and G; while respecting the restriction that one of the two South American seeds (Brazil and Argentina) had to play in a group played in South Korea (B/C) and the other had to play in a group played in Japan (E/F/G).
  2. Pot 2 was used to draw one European team to each of the eight groups (drawing unrestricted in the alphabetic order from A to H).
  3. As per the FIFA rule of only allowing a maximum of two European teams in each group, the remaining three European teams from Pot 2, was subject to a second draw, to be put in either of the four groups containing a top-seeded South American team or Asian team. This was done by first drawing the European team from Pot 2, and then drawing which seeded opponent the European team should be paired with, from a special bowl with four blue balls containing the names of Brazil, Argentina, Japan and South Korea.
  4. Pot 3 was used to draw one team to each of the five groups with an empty third slot (drawing in alphabetical order from A to H); while respecting the geographical restrictions, that:
    1. None of the unseeded South American teams (Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay) from pot 3, could be drawn into a group with a seeded South American team (Brazil and Argentina).
    2. None of the unseeded Asian teams (Saudi Arabia and China) from pot 3, could be drawn into a group with a seeded Asian team (South Korea and Japan in Group D and H); along with the overall rule that China had to play in South Korea (meaning either group A, B or C) and that Saudi Arabia had to play in Japan (meaning either group E, F or G).
  5. Pot 4 was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in the alphabetic order from A to H); while respecting the restrictions that:
    1. Minimum one North American team and minimum two African teams should be drawn to a group located in South Korea (Group A/B/C/D)
    2. Minimum one North American team and minimum two African teams should be drawn to a group located in Japan (Group E/F/G/H)
  6. To decide the match schedules, the exact group position number for the un-seeded teams in each group (2, 3 or 4), were also drawn immediately from eight special group bowls, after each respective team had been drawn from pot 2, 3 and 4.

Besides of drawing the teams, the event also featured american vocalist Anastacia giving a debut public performance of the official song of the World Cup: Boom.[38][39]

Draw results and group fixtures

The draw resulted in the following eight groups:[37]

Group A (Korea)
PosTeam
A1 France
A2 Senegal
A3 Uruguay
A4 Denmark
Group B (Korea)
PosTeam
B1 Spain
B2 Slovenia
B3 Paraguay
B4 South Africa
Group C (Korea)
PosTeam
C1 Brazil
C2 Turkey
C3 China
C4 Costa Rica
Group D (Korea)
PosTeam
D1 South Korea
D2 Poland
D3 United States
D4 Portugal
Group E (Japan)
PosTeam
E1 Germany
E2 Saudi Arabia
E3 Republic of Ireland
E4 Cameroon
Group F (Japan)
PosTeam
F1 Argentina
F2 Nigeria
F3 England
F4 Sweden
Group G (Japan)
PosTeam
G1 Italy
G2 Ecuador
G3 Croatia
G4 Mexico
Group H (Japan)
PosTeam
H1 Japan
H2 Belgium
H3 Russia
H4 Tunisia

In each group, the teams played three matches, one against each of the other teams. Victories were granted 3 points, while a draw was equal to 1 point. After completion of the Group stage, the best two teams of each group advanced to the Round of 16 in the knockout stage, in a way so all group winners started out meeting a runner-up from one of the other groups. This format was identical with the tournament structure being used in 1998. A total of 64 games were played, including the final and a bronze medal game between the two semifinale losers.

Group F was considered the (group of death), as it brought together Argentina, England, Nigeria and Sweden.[38]

The fixtures for the Group stage were decided based on the draw results, as follows:

Group stage schedule
Matchday Dates Matches
Matchday 1 31 May – 5 June 2002 1 v 2, 3 v 4
Matchday 2 5–10 June 2002 1 v 3, 2 v 4
Matchday 3 11–14 June 2002 4 v 1, 2 v 3

Group stage

All times are Korea Standard Time and Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)

Groups A, B, C and D based in South Korea. Groups E, F, G and H based in Japan.

In the following tables:

  • Pld = total games played
  • W = total games won
  • D = total games drawn (tied)
  • L = total games lost
  • GF = total goals scored (goals for)
  • GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
  • GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
  • Pts = total points accumulated
Ato, Kaz and Nik were the 2002 World Cup mascots.

The teams in the group play were ranked upon

  • Points
  • Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
  • Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
  • Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Drawing of lots

In the original version of the rules for the final tournament, the ranking criteria were in a different order, with head-to-head results taking precedence over total goal difference. The rules were changed to the above in advance of the tournament, but older versions were still available on the FIFA and UEFA websites, causing some confusion among those trying to identify the correct criteria.[40]

Group A

Group A involved the defending champions France, along with Senegal, Uruguay and Denmark. The World Cup started with a 1–0 defeat of France, playing without the injured Zinedine Zidane, by tournament newcomers Senegal in the tournament's opening match held in Seoul, South Korea.[41] On the next day, two goals by Jon Dahl Tomasson gave the Danes a 2–1 victory over Uruguay in Ulsan.

In the second set of Group A matches, France were held to a 0–0 draw in Busan by Uruguay after star striker Thierry Henry was sent off, while in Daegu, Denmark and Senegal drew 1–1.[42] A 2–0 defeat by Denmark in their last group game in Incheon sealed France's elimination from the World Cup.[43] France went out of the Cup without scoring a goal, recording the worst World Cup performance by World Cup holders other than Uruguay in 1934, who refused to defend their title.[44]

Senegal drew with Uruguay to clinch their place in the second round, despite Uruguay coming back from 3–0 down to draw 3–3, in their last group game in Suwon. The South Americans could not find the fourth goal that would have kept them in the Cup and thus were out of the tournament.[45] At the end, Denmark won Group A with 7 points, followed by Senegal with 5 points. Uruguay were eliminated with 2 points and holders France with 1 point.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Denmark 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Senegal 3 1 2 0 5 4 +1 5
3  Uruguay 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
4  France 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
31 May 2002
France 0–1 SenegalSeoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul
1 June 2002
Uruguay 1–2 DenmarkMunsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan
6 June 2002
Denmark 1–1 SenegalDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
France 0–0 UruguayAsiad Main Stadium, Busan
11 June 2002
Denmark 2–0 FranceIncheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon
Senegal 3–3 UruguaySuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon

Group B

Spain in Group B became one of only two teams to pick up maximum points, seeing off both Slovenia and Paraguay (in Gwangju and Jeonju respectively) 3–1 before defeating South Africa 3–2 in Daejeon.[46]

Paraguay advanced over a late goal, winning 3–1 over newcomer Slovenia in Seogwipo to tie with South Africa on goal difference (they were already tied with four points, having drawn 2–2 in their opening game against each other in Busan). As a result, Paraguay advanced to the second round on the goals scored tiebreaker, scoring six goals compared to South Africa's five.[47]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Spain 3 3 0 0 9 4 +5 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Paraguay 3 1 1 1 6 6 0 4
3  South Africa 3 1 1 1 5 5 0 4
4  Slovenia 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
2 June 2002
Paraguay 2–2 South AfricaAsiad Main Stadium, Busan
Spain 3–1 SloveniaGwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
7 June 2002
Spain 3–1 ParaguayJeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
8 June 2002
South Africa 1–0 SloveniaDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
12 June 2002
South Africa 2–3 SpainDaejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon
Slovenia 1–3 ParaguayJeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo

Group C

Group C saw Brazil become the other team to win all three of their Group matches, defeating Turkey 2–1 in Ulsan, China 4–0 in Seogwipo and Costa Rica 5–2 in Suwon.[48][49] Turkey also advanced to the next round, defeating Costa Rica on goal difference after both teams were tied with 4 points each.[50] China, coached by Bora Milutinović (the fifth national team he coached in five consecutive World Cups), finished bottom of the group with no goals and no points.[51]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Brazil 3 3 0 0 11 3 +8 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Turkey 3 1 1 1 5 3 +2 4
3  Costa Rica 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
4  China 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
3 June 2002
Brazil 2–1 TurkeyMunsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan
4 June 2002
China 0–2 Costa RicaGwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
8 June 2002
Brazil 4–0 ChinaJeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo
9 June 2002
Costa Rica 1–1 TurkeyIncheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon
13 June 2002
Costa Rica 2–5 BrazilSuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
Turkey 3–0 ChinaSeoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul

Group D

Group D saw co-host South Korea, Poland, United States, and Portugal square off against each other. South Korea and Poland started group play in Busan, where South Korea earned their first ever World Cup victory, defeating Poland 2–0. United States shocked group favorites Portugal in Suwon the next day, defeating them 3–2 after a Beto goal and an own goal from Jeff Agoos did not fully claw back the American lead from goals by John O'Brien and Brian McBride along with a Jorge Costa own goal.

South Korea and United States then faced off in Daegu, where excellent goalkeeping by Brad Friedel and Lee Woon-jae resulted in a 1–1 draw, while a hat-trick by Pauleta gave the Portuguese a comfortable 4–0 win against Poland in Jeonju.

In the final round of group games, South Korea eliminated Portugal in Incheon thanks to a 70th-minute goal by Park Ji-sung, finishing the game 1–0 victors, while Poland defeated the United States 3–1 in Daejeon to gain a consolation victory. South Korea topped the group and advanced beyond the first round for the first time ever with seven points, while the United States placed second with four points. Portugal and Poland were eliminated with three points each in third and fourth places respectively.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  South Korea (H) 3 2 1 0 4 1 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  United States 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
3  Portugal 3 1 0 2 6 4 +2 3
4  Poland 3 1 0 2 3 7 −4 3
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
(H) Host
4 June 2002
South Korea 2–0 PolandAsiad Main Stadium, Busan
5 June 2002
United States 3–2 PortugalSuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
10 June 2002
South Korea 1–1 United StatesDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
Portugal 4–0 PolandJeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
14 June 2002
Portugal 0–1 South KoreaIncheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon
Poland 3–1 United StatesDaejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon

Group E

Group E saw Germany play against Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Ireland and Cameroon. Ireland and Cameroon started group play at the Big Swan Stadium in Niigata in a 1–1 draw, while Germany thrashed Saudi Arabia 8–0 at the Sapporo Dome. At the Kashima Soccer Stadium in Ibaraki, Germany held a 1–0 lead over the Republic of Ireland thanks to a 19th-minute goal by Miroslav Klose, only to draw 1–1 due to a sensational 92nd-minute equaliser by Robbie Keane. Saudi Arabia bowed out of the tournament with a 1–0 defeat against Cameroon at Saitama Stadium 2002, thanks to a second-half goal by Samuel Eto'o.

In the final matches of Group E, Germany sent Cameroon out of the tournament, winning 2–0 at the Shizuoka Stadium with goals from Marco Bode and Miroslav Klose, while Ireland defeated Saudi Arabia 3–0 at International Stadium Yokohama with goals by Robbie Keane, Gary Breen and Damien Duff. The match between Germany and Cameroon was notable for producing a total of 16 yellow cards, including one second booking for each team. Together with the round of 16 match between Portugal and the Netherlands at the 2006 tournament, it holds the record for most yellow cards in a World Cup match. Germany advanced with seven points and Ireland followed along with five points, while Cameroon was eliminated with four points. Saudi Arabia produced the poorest performance of all the teams at the tournament, being eliminated without a single point or goal and conceding 12 goals.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Germany 3 2 1 0 11 1 +10 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Republic of Ireland 3 1 2 0 5 2 +3 5
3  Cameroon 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 4
4  Saudi Arabia 3 0 0 3 0 12 −12 0
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
1 June 2002
Republic of Ireland 1–1 CameroonNiigata Stadium, Niigata
Germany 8–0 Saudi ArabiaSapporo Dome, Sapporo
5 June 2002
Germany 1–1 Republic of IrelandKashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki
6 June 2002
Cameroon 1–0 Saudi ArabiaSaitama Stadium 2002, Saitama
11 June 2002
Cameroon 0–2 GermanyShizuoka Stadium, Shizuoka
Saudi Arabia 0–3 Republic of IrelandInternational Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

Group F

Group F was nicknamed the "group of death", featuring Argentina, Nigeria, England and Sweden. Argentina won their opening game in Ibaraki 1–0 against Nigeria thanks to a second-half goal by Gabriel Batistuta, while in Saitama England and Sweden drew 1–1 thanks to goals by Sol Campbell and Niclas Alexandersson. Sweden and Nigeria faced off in Kobe, where two goals by Henrik Larsson eliminated Nigeria 2–1. Meanwhile, in Sapporo, England won 1–0 over Argentina for their first World Cup win against their South American rival since 1966, thanks to a penalty from captain David Beckham – who had been sent off when Argentina had beaten England in the round of 16 four years earlier in Saint-Étienne.

In the final matches of Group F, England and Nigeria drew 0–0 in Osaka, while Sweden and Argentina drew 1–1 in Miyagi. Sweden and England advanced from Group F, first and second respectively with five points each, at the expense of Argentina's four points, while Nigeria finished last with one point. This was the first time since 1962 that Argentina had failed to advance to the second round.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Sweden 3 1 2 0 4 3 +1 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  England 3 1 2 0 2 1 +1 5
3  Argentina 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 4
4  Nigeria 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
2 June 2002
Argentina 1–0 NigeriaKashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki
England 1–1 SwedenSaitama Stadium 2002, Saitama
7 June 2002
Sweden 2–1 NigeriaKobe Wing Stadium, Kobe
Argentina 0–1 EnglandSapporo Dome, Sapporo
12 June 2002
Sweden 1–1 ArgentinaMiyagi Stadium, Miyagi
Nigeria 0–0 EnglandNagai Stadium, Osaka

Group G

Group G saw Italy, Ecuador, Croatia and Mexico play against each other. Niigata saw the start of the group games, with Mexico winning 1–0 over Croatia, thanks to a penalty converted by Cuauhtémoc Blanco. Later that night in Sapporo, Italy defeated newcomers Ecuador 2–0 with ease, having both goals scored by Christian Vieri. Italy and Croatia faced off a few days later in Ibaraki, where Croatia pulled off a surprise 2–1 victory. The next day saw Mexico earn a vital 2–1 victory over Ecuador in Miyagi. In the final matches of Group G, Mexico and Italy drew 1–1 in Ōita, while Ecuador achieved their first ever World Cup victory, defeating Croatia 1–0 in Yokohama. Mexico won Group G with seven points, while Italy survived with four points. Croatia and Ecuador were eliminated with three points in third and fourth places respectively, with the former failing to repeat their surprise performance from 1998 despite their victory against Italy.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Mexico 3 2 1 0 4 2 +2 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Italy 3 1 1 1 4 3 +1 4
3  Croatia 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 3
4  Ecuador 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
3 June 2002
Croatia 0–1 MexicoNiigata Stadium, Niigata
Italy 2–0 EcuadorSapporo Dome, Sapporo
8 June 2002
Italy 1–2 CroatiaKashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki
9 June 2002
Mexico 2–1 EcuadorMiyagi Stadium, Miyagi
13 June 2002
Mexico 1–1 ItalyŌita Stadium, Ōita
Ecuador 1–0 CroatiaInternational Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

Group H

Group H saw co-hosts Japan square off against Belgium, Russia and Tunisia. Japan earned their first World Cup points in a 2–2 draw against Belgium in Saitama, while Russia earned a 2–0 victory over Tunisia in Kobe. Japan would get their first ever World Cup victory a few days later in Yokohama, defeating Russia 1–0 through a second-half goal by Junichi Inamoto, while Belgium and Tunisia drew 1–1 in Ōita. In the final matches of Group H, Japan defeated Tunisia, winning 0–2 in Osaka, while Belgium survived against Russia in Shizuoka, winning 3–2. Japan won Group H with seven points, while Belgium advanced with five points. Russia was eliminated with three points and Tunisia was eliminated with one point.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Japan (H) 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Belgium 3 1 2 0 6 5 +1 5
3  Russia 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
4  Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1 5 −4 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
(H) Host
4 June 2002
Japan 2–2 BelgiumSaitama Stadium 2002, Saitama
5 June 2002
Russia 2–0 TunisiaKobe Wing Stadium, Kobe
9 June 2002
Japan 1–0 RussiaInternational Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama
10 June 2002
Tunisia 1–1 BelgiumŌita Stadium, Ōita
14 June 2002
Tunisia 0–2 JapanNagai Stadium, Osaka
Belgium 3–2 RussiaShizuoka Stadium, Shizuoka

Knockout stage
South Koreans watching their country playing in a knock out game on the big screens in Seoul Plaza

For the second round, quarter-finals and semi-finals, the qualifiers from Groups A, C, F and H played their games in Japan while the qualifiers from Groups B, D, E and G played their games in South Korea. Daegu, South Korea, hosted the third-place match while Yokohama, Japan, hosted the final.

 
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
15 June – Seogwipo
 
 
 Germany1
 
21 June – Ulsan
 
 Paraguay0
 
 Germany1
 
17 June – Jeonju
 
 United States0
 
 Mexico0
 
25 June – Seoul
 
 United States2
 
 Germany1
 
16 June – Suwon
 
 South Korea0
 
 Spain (p)1 (3)
 
22 June – Gwangju
 
 Republic of Ireland1 (2)
 
 Spain0 (3)
 
18 June – Daejeon
 
 South Korea (p)0 (5)
 
 South Korea (a.s.d.e.t.)2
 
30 June – Yokohama
 
 Italy1
 
 Germany0
 
15 June – Niigata
 
 Brazil2
 
 Denmark0
 
21 June – Shizuoka
 
 England3
 
 England1
 
17 June – Kobe
 
 Brazil2
 
 Brazil2
 
26 June – Saitama
 
 Belgium0
 
 Brazil1
 
16 June – Ōita
 
 Turkey0 Third place
 
 Sweden1
 
22 June – Osaka29 June – Daegu
 
 Senegal (a.s.d.e.t.)2
 
 Senegal0 South Korea2
 
18 June – Miyagi
 
 Turkey (a.s.d.e.t.)1  Turkey3
 
 Japan0
 
 
 Turkey1
 

Round of 16

In the round of 16, Germany beat Paraguay 1–0 with a late goal by Oliver Neuville in Seogwipo. England defeated Denmark in Niigata 3–0, with all goals occurring in the first half of the game. Sweden and Senegal faced off in Ōita and finished 1–1 in regular time and it took a golden goal from Henri Camara in extra time to settle the game for Senegal 2–1. Spain and the Republic of Ireland played in Suwon, where Spain led most of the match 1–0 until a late penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane made the match go to extra time, where Spain emerged victorious in a penalty shoot-out. The United States beat CONCACAF rivals Mexico 2–0 in Jeonju with Brian McBride and Landon Donovan scoring the goals. Brazil defeated Belgium 2–0 in Kobe, with an amazing volley by Rivaldo and a splendid counter-attack goal by Ronaldo. Turkey ended co-hosts Japan's run with a 1–0 win in Miyagi, thanks to a Ümit Davala goal in the 12th minute. The other co-hosts, South Korea, defeated Italy 2–1 in extra time in Daejeon with a goal by Ahn Jung-hwan in the 117th minute.[52] South Korea's win ensured that, for the very first time in the Cup's history, teams from five continents – Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Asia – reached the quarter-finals of the same tournament.

Germany 1–0 Paraguay
Neuville 88' Report
Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo
Attendance: 25,176
Referee: Carlos Alberto Batres (Guatemala)
Denmark 0–3 England
Report Ferdinand 5'
Owen 22'
Heskey 44'
Big Swan Stadium, Niigata
Attendance: 40,582
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
Sweden 1–2 (a.e.t.) Senegal
Larsson 11' Report Camara 37',  104'
Big Eye Stadium, Ōita
Attendance: 39,747
Referee: Ubaldo Aquino (Paraguay)
Spain 1–1 (a.e.t.) Republic of Ireland
Morientes 8' Report Robbie Keane 90' (pen.)
Penalties
Hierro
Baraja
Juanfran
Valerón
Mendieta 		3–2 Robbie Keane
Holland
Connolly
Kilbane
Finnan
Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
Attendance: 38,926
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)
Mexico 0–2 United States
Report McBride 8'
Donovan 65'
Jeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
Attendance: 36,380
Referee: Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)
Brazil 2–0 Belgium
Rivaldo 67'
Ronaldo 87'		 Report
Kobe Wing Stadium, Kobe
Attendance: 40,440
Referee: Peter Prendergast (Jamaica)
Japan 0–1 Turkey
Report Ümit Davala 12'
Miyagi Stadium, Rifu
Attendance: 45,666
South Korea 2–1 (a.e.t.) Italy
Seol Ki-Hyeon 88'
Ahn Jung-Hwan  117' 		Report Vieri 18'
Daejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon
Attendance: 38,588
Referee: Byron Moreno (Ecuador)

Quarter-finals

In the quarter-finals, England and Brazil squared off in Shizuoka, where Ronaldinho scored a free-kick goal over England's David Seaman early in the second half as Brazil won 2–1.[53] The United States lost to Germany 1–0 in Ulsan by a Michael Ballack goal in the 39th minute, but controversy surrounded the game when United States demanded the referee give a penalty for a goal-line handball by Torsten Frings in the 49th minute, but the referee did not award the penalty. South Korea got another success in Gwangju in a controversial manner, overcoming Spain 5–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in which the Spaniards twice thought they had scored while onside; however, the efforts were disallowed by the referee with controversial decisions.[54][55] The hosts became the first team in the Asian Football Confederation to reach the semi-finals of the World Cup, eclipsing the record of their North Korean counterparts who reached the quarter-finals in 1966. They also became the first World Cup semi-final team not from UEFA or CONMEBOL since the United States did it in the first World Cup in 1930. Turkey defeated Senegal 1–0 in Osaka, with a golden goal scored by İlhan Mansız in the 93rd minute.

England 1–2 Brazil
Owen 23' Report Rivaldo 45+2'
Ronaldinho 50'
Stadium Ecopa, Shizuoka
Attendance: 47,436
Referee: Felipe Ramos (Mexico)
Germany 1–0 United States
Ballack 39' Report
Munsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan
Attendance: 37,337
Referee: Hugh Dallas (Scotland)
Spain 0–0 (a.e.t.) South Korea
Report
Penalties
Hierro
Baraja
Xavi
Joaquín 		3–5 Hwang Sun-hong
Park Ji-sung
Seol Ki-hyeon
Ahn Jung-hwan
Hong Myung-bo
Gwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
Attendance: 42,114
Referee: Gamal Al-Ghandour (Egypt)
Senegal 0–1 (a.e.t.) Turkey
Report İlhan  94'
Nagai Stadium, Osaka
Attendance: 44,233
Referee: Óscar Ruiz (Colombia)

Semi-finals

The semi-finals saw 1-0 games; the first semi-final, played in Seoul, saw Michael Ballack's goal suffice for Germany to eliminate South Korea. However, Ballack had already received a yellow card during the match before, which forced him to miss the final based on accumulated yellow cards.[56] The next day in Saitama saw Ronaldo score a goal early in the second half, his sixth of the competition for Brazil, to defeat Turkey in a replay of their Group C encounter.[57][58]

Germany 1–0 South Korea
Ballack 75' Report
Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul
Attendance: 65,256
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
Brazil 1–0 Turkey
Ronaldo 49' Report
Saitama Stadium, Saitama
Attendance: 61,058
Referee: Kim Milton Nielsen (Denmark)

Third place play-off

In the third-place match in Daegu, Turkey beat the South Koreans 3–2, their first goal coming from Hakan Şükür straight from the opening kick-off (even though South Korea kicked off) in 10.8 seconds, the fastest ever goal in World Cup history.[59]

South Korea 2–3 Turkey
Lee Eul-yong 9'
Song Chong-gug 90+3'		 Report Şükür 1'
İlhan 13', 32'
Daegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
Attendance: 63,483
Referee: Saad Mane (Kuwait)

Final
Main article: 2002 FIFA World Cup Final

In the final match held in Yokohama, Japan, two goals from Ronaldo secured the World Cup for Brazil as they claimed victory over Germany.[60] Ronaldo scored twice in the second half and, after the game, won the Golden Shoe award for the tournament's leading scorer with eight goals.[61] This was the fifth time Brazil had won the World Cup, cementing their status as the most successful national team in the history of the competition. Brazil became the only team since Argentina in 1986 to win the trophy without needing to win a penalty shoot-out at some stage during the knockout phase and the total number of penalty shoot-outs (2) was the lowest since the four-round knockout format was introduced in 1986. Brazil also became the first team to win every match at a World Cup since 1970 and set a new record for highest aggregate goal difference (+14) for a World Cup winner. Brazil's captain Cafu, who became the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepted the trophy on behalf of the team.

Germany 0–2 Brazil
Report Ronaldo 67', 79'
Attendance: 69,029

Statistics

Goalscorers

Ronaldo won the Golden Shoe after scoring eight goals. In total, 161 goals were scored by 109 players, with three of them credited as own goals. Two of those own goals were in the same match, marking the first time in FIFA World Cup history that own goals had been scored by both teams in the same match.

Disciplinary statistics
  • Total number of yellow cards: 272
  • Average yellow cards per match: 4.25
  • Total number of red cards: 17
  • Average red cards per match: 0.27
  • First yellow card of the tournament:
    Emmanuel Petit for France against Senegal
  • First red card of the tournament:
    Boris Živković for Croatia against Mexico
  • Fastest yellow card from kick off: 2 minutes
    Henri Camara for Senegal against Uruguay, Jesús Arellano for Mexico against Italy
  • Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 3 minutes
    Alberto García Aspe for Mexico against United States (introduced in the 78th minute)
  • Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
    Pape Thiaw for Senegal against Sweden
  • Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 115 minutes
    Choi Jin-cheul for South Korea against Italy
  • Fastest dismissal from kick off: 22nd minute
    Carlos Paredes for Paraguay against Slovenia
  • Fastest dismissal of a substitute: 12 minutes
    Shao Jiayi for China against Turkey (introduced in the 46th minute)
  • Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
    Hakan Ünsal for Turkey against Brazil
  • Latest dismissal in a match with extra time: 103 minutes
    Francesco Totti for Italy against South Korea
  • Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 3 minutes
    Carsten Ramelow for Germany against Cameroon (booked in the 37th minute and again in the 40th minute)
  • Most yellow cards (team): 19
    Turkey
  • Most red cards (team): 2
    Paraguay, Portugal, Turkey
  • Fewest yellow cards (team): 2
    Nigeria
  • Most yellow cards (player): 3
    Michael Ballack, Emre Belözoğlu, Beto, Tugay Kerimoğlu, Francesco Totti
  • Most red cards (player): 1
    Roberto Acuña, Beto, Claudio Caniggia, Nastja Čeh, Salif Diao, Thierry Henry, Rafael Márquez, Alpay Özalan, Carlos Paredes, João Pinto, Carsten Ramelow, Ronaldinho, Shao Jiayi, Patrick Suffo, Francesco Totti, Hakan Ünsal, Boris Živković
  • Most yellow cards (match): 16
    Cameroon vs Germany
  • Most red cards (match): 2
    Brazil vs Turkey, Cameroon vs Germany, Slovenia vs Paraguay, Portugal vs South Korea
  • Fewest yellow cards (match): 0
    Croatia vs Mexico, Germany vs Republic of Ireland, Nigeria vs England
  • Most cards in one match: 16 yellow cards and 2 red cards
    Cameroon vs Germany

Awards
Golden Boot[64] Golden Ball[64] Yashin Award[64] Best Young Player[64] FIFA Fair Play Trophy[64] Most Entertaining Team[64]
Ronaldo Oliver Kahn1 Oliver Kahn Landon Donovan  Belgium  South Korea

1Oliver Kahn is the only goalkeeper to have won the Golden Ball in FIFA World Cup history.[65]

All-star team
Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards

Oliver Kahn
Rüştü Reçber

Sol Campbell
Fernando Hierro
Hong Myung-bo
Alpay Özalan
Roberto Carlos

Michael Ballack
Claudio Reyna
Rivaldo
Ronaldinho
Yoo Sang-chul

El Hadji Diouf
Miroslav Klose
Ronaldo
Hasan Şaş

Source: USA Today, 29 June 2002

Final standings

After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 2002 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[66]

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Result
1 C  Brazil 7 7 0 0 18 4 +14 21 1st
2 E  Germany 7 5 1 1 14 3 +11 16 2nd
3 C  Turkey 7 4 1 2 10 6 +4 13 3rd
4 D  South Korea 7 3 2 2 8 6 +2 11 4th
5 B  Spain 5 3 2 0 10 5 +5 11 Eliminated in the quarter-finals
6 F  England 5 2 2 1 6 3 +3 8
7 A  Senegal 5 2 2 1 7 6 +1 8
8 D  United States 5 2 1 2 7 7 0 7
9 H  Japan 4 2 1 1 5 3 +2 7 Eliminated in the round of 16
10 A  Denmark 4 2 1 1 5 5 0 7
11 G  Mexico 4 2 1 1 4 4 0 7
12 E  Republic of Ireland 4 1 3 0 6 3 +3 6
13 F  Sweden 4 1 2 1 5 5 0 5
14 H  Belgium 4 1 2 1 6 7 −1 5
15 G  Italy 4 1 1 2 5 5 0 4
16 B  Paraguay 4 1 1 2 6 7 −1 4
17 B  South Africa 3 1 1 1 5 5 0 4 Eliminated in the group stage
18 F  Argentina 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 4
19 C  Costa Rica 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
20 E  Cameroon 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 4
21 D  Portugal 3 1 0 2 6 4 +2 3
22 H  Russia 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
23 G  Croatia 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 3
24 G  Ecuador 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
25 D  Poland 3 1 0 2 3 7 −4 3
26 A  Uruguay 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
27 F  Nigeria 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
28 A  France 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
29 H  Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1 5 −4 1
30 B  Slovenia 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0
31 C  China 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
32 E  Saudi Arabia 3 0 0 3 0 12 −12 0
Source:

Marketing

Sponsorship

The sponsors of the 2002 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and South Korea and Japan Supporters.[67][68]

Ticket sales problem

The original domestic ticket allocation had fully sold out and the organising committee completed sales of tickets returned from the international allocation by the end of April. However, there were a significant number of empty seats at the opening matches.[84] It was gradually revealed that the World Cup Ticketing Bureau (WCTB) still had unsold tickets in its possession. After FIFA agreed to sell this inventory, JAWOC undertook sales over telephone and WCTB handled the internet sales.[85] For the second round Japan vs. Turkey match in Miyagi in particular, although it was reported by both parties that all tickets had been sold, some 700 seats remained empty.

Symbols

Mascot

The official mascot of this World Cup was "Ato, Kaz, and Nik" (The Spheriks), orange, purple, and blue (respectively) futuristic, computer-generated creatures. Collectively members of a team of "Atmosball" (a fictional football-like sport), Ato is the coach while Kaz and Nik are players. The three individual names were selected from shortlists by users on the Internet and at McDonald's outlets in the host countries.[86]

Match ball

The official match ball was "Fevernova", manufactured by Adidas.[87]

Music

The official song was "Boom".[88] The official local song of this World Cup was "Let's Get Together Now". The official anthem was "Anthem".

Controversies

The tournament was criticized for many poor and questionable refereeing decisions.[89] South Korea in particular faced scrutiny and allegations of corruption due to the favorable decisions they received in their controversial victories over Portugal in the group stage, Italy in the round of 16 and Spain in the quarter-finals.[90][52][55]

Cultural event
In Search of Fresh Air. Banner by Ray L. Burggraf.

The official FIFA cultural event of the 2002 World Cup was a flag festival called Poetry of the Winds.[91] Held in Nanjicheon Park, an area of the World Cup Park close to the stadium,[92][93] Poetry of the Winds was exhibited from 29 May to 25 June in order to wish success upon the World Cup and promote a festive atmosphere. During the flag art festival, hand-painted flags from global artists were displayed as a greeting to international guests in a manner that was designed to promote harmony (2002 Flag Art Festival Executive Committee).[91]

Aftermath and legacy

The tournament had a major economic impact on both South Korea and Japan, generating an estimated US$1.3 billion in revenue.[94] Spending from World Cup tourists in South Korea created US$307 million in direct income and US$713 million in valued added.[94] Japan spent an estimated US$5.6 billion on preparations for the event, which had a US$24.8 billion impact on the Japanese economy and accounted for 0.6% of their GDP in 2002.[95]

See also
  • 2002 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights
  • Adidas Fevernova – match ball
  • The Official Album of the 2002 FIFA World Cup
  • The Doraemons movies: Goal! Goal! Goal!! (2002 FIFA World Cup movies)

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Notes
  1. Bonn which did not host a match for the 1974 FIFA World Cup was the de facto Seat of government of host West Germany, but not its official de jure capital. Berlin, the traditional capital of Germany did host matches.
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