Indian Institute of Science

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, in the Indian state of Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the "Tata Institute".[5] It is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in India[6] and has the highest citation per faculty among all the universities in the world.[7] It was granted the deemed to be university status in 1958 and the Institute of Eminence status in 2018.

Indian Institute of Science
TypePublic research university
Established1909 (1909)
Founders
  • Jamsetji Tata
  • Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV
AccreditationNAAC
Affiliation
Budget₹991 crore (US$120 million) (2021–2022)[2]
DirectorGovindan Rangarajan[3]
Academic staff
525[4]
Administrative staff
354[4]
Students3,842[4]
Undergraduates453[4]
Postgraduates947[4]
2,737[4]
Location
Bengaluru
,
Karnataka
,
560012
,
India
CampusUrban, 440 acres (180 ha)
Websitewww.iisc.ac.in

History
Directors[8]
  • M. W. Travers, FRS, 1909–1914[8][9]
  • Sir A.G. Bourne,[8] FRS, 1915–1921
  • Sir Martin O. Forster, FRS, 1922–1933
  • Sir C.V. Raman, FRS, 1933–1937
  • Sir J.C. Ghosh,[10] 1939–1948
  • M. S. Thacker, 1949–1955
  • S. Bhagavantam, 1957–1962
  • S. Dhawan, 1962–1981
  • S. Ramaseshan,[11] 1981–1984
  • C.N.R. Rao, FRS, 1984–1994
  • G. Padmanaban, 1994–1998
  • Goverdhan Mehta, FRS 1998–2005
  • P. Balaram, 2005–2014
  • Anurag Kumar, 2014–2020
  • Govindan Rangarajan, 2020-
Jamsetji Tata, founder

After an accidental meeting between Jamsetji Tata and Swami Vivekananda, on a ship in 1893 where they discussed Tata's plan of bringing the steel industry to India, Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years later: "I trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of Research Institute of Science for India, of which you have doubtless heard or read."[12][13]

Impressed by Vivekananda's views on science and leadership abilities, Tata wanted him to guide his campaign. Vivekananda endorsed the project with enthusiasm, and Tata, with the aim of advancing the scientific capabilities of the country, constituted a Provisional Committee to prepare a plan for setting up of an Institute of research and higher education. The committee presented a draft proposal to Lord Curzon on 31 December 1898.[14] Subsequently, Sir William Ramsay, a Nobel Laureate, was called on to propose a suitable place for such an institution who suggested Bangalore as the best location.

The land and other facilities for the institution were donated on behalf of the State of Mysore by Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, and Tata himself. The State of Mysore donated about 371 acres (150 ha)[15] of land. Tata gave several buildings towards the creation of IISc. State of Mysore also contributed Rs 500000 towards capital expenditure and Rs 50000 for annual expense.[16] [17] The 7th Nizam of Hyderabad- Mir Osman Ali Khan also contributed in terms of money which amounted to 3 lakh Rupees over a period of 31 years.[18]

The constitution of the institute was approved by the Viceroy, Lord Minto, and the necessary Vesting Order to enable it to function was signed on 27 May 1909.[19] Early in 1911, the Maharaja of Mysore laid the foundation stone of the institute, and on 24 July, the first batch of students were admitted to the Departments of General and Applied Chemistry under Norman Rudolf and Electro-Technology under Alfred Hay. Within two months, the Department of Organic Chemistry was opened. In 1958 the institute was granted the deemed university status by the UGC.[20]

At the time of the inception of IISc in 1909, Morris Travers, Sir William Ramsay's co-worker in the discovery of the noble gases, became its first Director. For Travers, this was a natural continuation of his work on the institute, since he had played a role in its founding. The first Indian Director was the Nobel Laureate Sir C.V. Raman.[19]

The institute was the first to introduce Masters programs in Engineering. It has also started integrated doctoral programs in Biological, Chemical, Physical and Mathematical Sciences for natural science graduates.[14]

In 2018, IISc was one of the first six institutes to be awarded the Institute of Eminence status.[21] In 2019, IISc launched its brand statement: "Discover and Innovate; Transform and Transcend; Serve and Lead".[22]

In 2022, IISc received a private donation of 425 crore Indian Rupees, the largest in its history to establish a postgraduate medical institute.[23]

Bangalore Campus

The IISc campus is located in the north of Bangalore, about 6 kilometers from Bangalore City Railway Station and Kempegowda Bus Station, on the way to Yeshwantpur. The institute is about 35 kilometers from Kempegowda International Airport. A number of other research institutes, Raman Research Institute, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Wood Research Institute and Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), are close to IISc. Most of these institutes are connected to IISc by a regular shuttle bus service.[24] The campus houses more than 40 departments marked by routes such as the Gulmohar Marg, the Mahogany Marg, the Badami Marg, the Tala Marg, the Ashoka Marg, the Nilgiri Marg, the Silver Oak Marg, the Amra Marg and the Arjuna Marg. The institute is fully residential and is spread over 400 acres of land in the heart of Bangalore city.[25] The campus features six canteens (cafeterias), a gymkhana (gymnasium and sports complex), a football ground and a cricket ground, five dining messes (halls), one multi cuisine restaurant, nine men's and five women's hostels (dormitories), an air strip, a library, two shopping centers and residences of the faculty members and other staff, besides other amenities.

The IISc campus harbors both exotic and indigenous plant species with about 110 species of woody plants.[26] The roads on the campus are named after the dominant avenue tree species.[27]

The architecture of the main building, which today houses the administration and the Faculty Hall, is classical in style, fronted by a grey, handsome tower. In front of it stands the work of Gilbert Bayes, a monument erected in the memory of J. N. Tata. At its feet is an inscription that serves to remind future generations of the generosity of Jamsetji Tata and the persistence with which he worked for the welfare of India. The building, as one of the prominent landmarks of Bangalore, was designed by C. F. Stevens and Company of Bombay in 1912–13.[28]

The buildings for the metallurgy and aerospace departments were designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1940.[29]

One of the oldest building of IISc

Challakere Campus

A second campus is in Challakere, on 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) lot of land. Infrastructure developed here includes the Talent Development Centre, Skill Development Centre funded by HAL under CSR Act, Solar Power Research Center and a Climate Observatory. The Centre for Sustainable Technologies has commenced its activities here under the project "C-BELT" i.e., the Centre for Bio-energy and Low-Carbon Technologies.[30]

Janardhana Swamy, then Member of Parliament from the Chitradurga Lok Sabha as well as a notable alumnus of IISc and Amalan Biswas, then DC of Chitradurga District played significant roles in setting up the IISc's new campus at Challakere.[31] They were instrumental in identifying all the required 1500 acres of land for the new campus, getting the existing building leased from the Sheep Farm, obtaining the various needed approvals from the government, and having the initial funds released from the State.

Organisation and administration

Academic divisions, departments, and centres

For academic purposes, departments and centres in the Institute are broadly assigned to either the Science Faculty or the Engineering Faculty.[32] For administrative purposes (such as faculty recruitment, assessment and promotion), departments and centres are classified into six divisions, each headed by a chairperson. Each department or centre is administered by a chairperson.

DivisionDepartments, Centres, and Units
Biological Sciences
  • Department of Biochemistry
  • Central Animal Facility
  • Centre for Ecological Sciences
  • Centre for Infectious Disease Research
  • Centre for Neuroscience
  • Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biophysics Unit
  • Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
Chemical Sciences
  • Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Research Centre
  • Department of Organic Chemistry
  • Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
Physical and Mathematical Sciences
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics Programme
  • Centre for Cryogenic Technology
  • Centre for High Energy Physics
  • Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics
  • Department of Mathematics
  • Department of Physics
Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Sciences
  • Department of Computer Science and Automation
  • Department of Electronic Communication Engineering
  • Department of Electrical Engineering
  • Department of Electronic Systems Engineering
Mechanical Sciences
  • Department of Aerospace Engineering
  • Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
  • Centre for Earth Sciences
  • Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing
  • Centre for Sustainable Technologies
  • Department of Chemical Engineering
  • Department of Civil Engineering
  • Divecha Centre for Climate Change
  • Department of Materials Engineering
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering
Interdisciplinary Research
  • Centre for Infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning
  • Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering
  • Centre for Contemporary Studies
  • Centre for Nano Science and Engineering
  • Department of Computational and Data Sciences
  • Department of Management Studies
  • Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research
  • Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research
  • Interdisciplinary Mathematical Science
  • Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems
  • Supercomputer Education and Research Centre

The following centres are directly under the director (without a divisional chairman):[32]

  • Archives and Publication Cell
  • Centre for Continuing Education
  • Center for Counseling and Support
  • Centre for Scientific & Industrial Consultancy
  • Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects
  • Digital Campus and IT Services Office
  • J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library
  • Office of Communications
  • Office of Development and Alumni Affairs
  • Office of Intellectual Property and Technology Licensing
  • Office of International Relations
  • Skill Development Centre
  • Talent Development Centre

Autonomous Societies and Centres based in the Institute:[33]

  • Advanced Bioresidue Energy Technologies Society
  • Centre for Brain Research
  • Society for Innovation and Development

Academics

Post-graduate (PG) Research Programmes

Research students constitute more than 60% of the students on the campus. PhD degrees offered in 40 different disciplines.[34] Research programs leading to doctoral degrees are the main thrust in many departments.[19] The program has a limited amount of course work, essentially to prepare the student to carry out the research, but the main emphasis is on the thesis work.[35][36][37] The annual intake of research students is approximately 575 with several candidates sponsored from educational institutions and industries ( through External Registration Programme) .[38]

The Integrated PhD program is designed to offer opportunities to 3-year BSc graduates for pursuing advanced research in areas of biological, chemical, mathematical, and physical Sciences, leading to the PhD degree.

Post-graduate (PG) Course Programmes

The two-year MTech program is available in almost all engineering departments. Most MTech programs have a set of hard core courses specified as an essential requirement whereas students can take rest of the credits from many courses available in their parent or other departments and also do a dissertation work on the topic of their choice.

Master's degrees offered by the institute are classified into two categories: degrees by coursework (MTech, M.Mgt., and M.Des.) and degrees by research [MTech (research)].

The Department of Management Studies offers a Master of Management program exclusively for engineering graduates. The Center for Product Design and Manufacturing[39] offers the Master of Design (M.Des.) course. Started in 1996, the M.Des. program is a two-year, full-time postgraduate program.

In keeping with India's recent National Education Policy (NEP 2020), IISc has launched the Master of Technology (Online) degree programme, a fully online programme, for practising engineers and scientists from academic year 2022–2023. The degree programme is for professionals who are sponsored by organisations, who already have a BE/BTech/Equivalent degree and wish to upskill or re-skill themselves in streams like Data Science and Business Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Institute has recently announced MSc programme in life sciences and chemical sciences starting from academic year of 2022–23. These 2 years master's degree programs consist of foundational and flexible coursework and hands-on laboratory training. The design is aimed to develop experimental skills in advanced techniques for research, leading to an independent thesis research project. Students enrolled in the M Sc programs can personalize their coursework and research projects.[40]

Under-graduate (UG) Programme

An undergraduate programme in science for students after Class XII was conceived during the Centenary Celebrations in 2009. The first batch of students was admitted in 2011. The program offers a four-year Bachelor of Science (Research) and a five-year integrated Master of Science course in six disciplines: Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Material Science, Mathematics, and Physics. The course aims at exposing the students to the inter-disciplinary nature in which scientific research is done in many upcoming fields.[41][42]

A new undergraduate program BTech in Mathematics and Computing seeks to enter a niche area with the aim of producing future leaders who will be at the forefront of research, development, and innovation in futuristic disciplines and next generation technologies that require deep use of mathematics, computer science, and data science.[43]

J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library

Apart from the main library, the institute also has independent departmental libraries. The library moved into the present premises in January 1965, built out of grants provided by University Grants Commission (UGC), in commemoration of the golden jubilee celebrations of the Institute in 1959. In 1995, the library was renamed as "J. R. D. Tata Memorial Library". The National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) has recognised this library as Regional Center for Mathematics for the south region and continued to award a special grant towards subscription of Journals in Mathematics.

The annual budget of the library is over Rs. 100 million[44] (almost US$2,500,000) of which subscription towards periodicals alone is about Rs. 90 million. The library currently receives over 1,734 periodical titles, of which 1381 are subscribed, while the remaining titles are received as gratis or on an exchange basis. About 600 titles are accessible through the library subscription. In addition, over 10,000 journals are accessible online, thanks to INDEST subscription. The total holdings of the library exceed 411,000 documents.

Central computing facility

The Computer Centre, established in 1970 as a central computing facility, became Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC) in 1990 to provide computing facility to the faculty and students of the institute. SERC was created and fully funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India to commemorate the platinum jubilee of the institute. It houses India's first petascale supercomputer Cray XC40, the erstwhile fastest supercomputer in India.[45][46]

Apart from functioning as a central computing facility of IISc, the SERC is engaged in education and research programs in areas relating to supercomputer development and application. The centre is also involved in several sponsored research projects in collaboration with several high-profile government and private agencies.

Academic and industrial collaborations

The Indian Institute of Science collaborates with various government organisations like the Indian Ordnance Factories, DRDO, the ISRO, Bharat Electronics Limited, Aeronautical Development Agency, National Aerospace Laboratories, CSIR, Department of IT (Government of India), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, etc. IISc also works in collaboration with private industry and research labs. A few organisations have been incubated by the Society for Innovation and Development (SID) on campus, including Morphing Machines and SandI, while Gamma Porite is currently under incubation. IISc actively promotes and supports ventures by the faculty, the students and alumni. Strand Life Sciences and Ittiam are some success stories of this initiative. In March 2016, a science start-up, incubated at the IISc, built the world's first food-grade DNA/RNA stain. This might cut the time taken to diagnose conditions such as HIV to a day, from 45 days at present.[47]

Rankings
University and college rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[48]401-500 (2021)
CWUR World[49]462 (2020-21)
CWTS World[50]282 (2021)
QS World[51]155 (2023)
QS Employability[52]301-500 (2022)
RUR World[53]50 (2022)
THE World[54]301–350 (2022)
USNWR Global[55]531 (2020)
Regional – Overall
QS Asia[56]56 (2022)
QS BRICS[57]10 (2019)
THE Asia[58]42 (2022)
THE BRICS[59]18 (2022)
USNWR Asia[55]106 (2022)

IISc had ranked 1st in 2022 in terms of citations per faculty by QS World University Rankings, moreover IISc had ranked 2nd consistently for more than 5 years among all universities around the world in terms of citations per faculty.[60][61][62][63] IISc was ranked 301–350 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2021, the top institute in India, as well as 36th in the 2020 Asia University Rankings.[54] The 2021 QS World University Rankings ranked IISc 185th in the world, as well as 51 in Asia University Rankings and 10th among BRICS nations.[64] In 2020, it is ranked 530th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[65] The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it 401–500 in the world in 2020.[66] It was ranked top university in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework university ranking for 2021.[67] It was also ranked first in India in the newly introduced research category for 2021.[68]

Campus life

Events

Pravega is the annual science, technology and cultural festival of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Started in 2013 by the undergraduates of IISc, the fest is usually held on the third weekend of January.[69] Vijyoshi, an annual national science camp for secondary school and undergraduate students, is hosted by IISc.[70]

IISc also has active sports teams, major ones being in cricket, football, badminton and volleyball. They participate each year in the IISM (inter IISER sports meet) and a number of other tournaments and events.[71]

Alumni associations

IISc has a parent alumni association (AA) in Bangalore[72] and several branches elsewhere including USA (IISCAANA).[73] Of recent parent association is involved in several disputes.[74] One of the reasons appears to be efforts by some to allow Non-IISc degree holders to become a part of the AA. Similar situation is created in IISCAANA by allowing several non-IISc members to be active in the team. IIScAANA allows those who did not complete degree to become members by adding a clause 'completed at least one semester of course work in IISc'[75] for membership eligibility.

Gulmohar Marg, IISc Campus

December 2005 terror attack

On 28 December 2005, two terrorists started firing indiscriminately inside the IISc campus. Munish Chander Puri, a professor from IIT Delhi, died in the attack. Four others were injured.[76][77]

Noted people

Notable alumni
Dr. K. Sivan Chairman of ISRO
Sudha Murthy, Chairman of Infosys Foundation
R Chidambaram, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India

Notable faculty

Two former directors, C. V. Raman and C. N. R. Rao, have been awarded India's highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna.[143] Four former directors, Sir A. G. Bourne, Sir Martin O. Forster, C. V. Raman and J. C. Ghosh, have been knighted.[144][145] Among the IISc alumni, there are three Rhodes Scholars, several Fellows of the Royal Society, and thousands of members of Indian and foreign Academy of Sciences. Hundreds of IISc faculty members have also received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology awarded to Indians who have made outstanding contributions under 45 years of age. In spite of these achievements, no alumnus or serving faculty member of IISc has won either a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal, although C. V. Raman did win a Nobel Prize before becoming the institute's first Indian director.

See also
  • Indian Institutes of Technology
  • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
  • National Institute of Science Education and Research
  • Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research
  • Mobile Robotics Laboratory at IISc
  • List of universities in India
  • List of autonomous higher education institutes in India
  • DoMS, Indian Institute of Science
  • Open access in India

References
  1. "Association of Commonwealth Universities Membars-Asia". Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  2. https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe59.pdf
  3. "IISC APPOINTS PROF GOVINDAN RANGARAJAN AS NEW DIRECTOR". Bangalore Mirror. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  4. "IISc in Numbers". Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  5. "Our Heritage" (PDF). Pursuit and Promotion of Science. Indian Institute of Science. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  6. "India Rankings 2021: Research". NIRF.
  7. KRITIKA SHARMA (9 June 2021). "IISc world's top research university in QS World Rankings, is 1st Indian varsity to score a 100". The Print. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  8. Revised (2008). "Indian Institute of Science Archives". Archives and Publications Cell, IISc, Bangalore. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013.
  9. "Indian Institute of Science: The First Hundred Years" (PDF). IISC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  10. "The Hindu: An institution builder". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. "Indian Academy of Sciences — Prof. S. Ramaseshan". Ias.ac.in. 10 October 1923. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  12. "President's Address at the Integrity India Campaign by the CII at Coimbatore". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 19 December 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  13. Gandhi, Divya (4 June 2007). "Story of IISc to be relived through an archives cell". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  14. "A Historical Perspective". Indian Institute of Science. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  15. ":: Indian Institute of Science ::". www.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011.
  16. https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ORIGIN.pdf
  17. "Science with a soul". Tata Group. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  18. "Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education". telanganatoday. 27 March 2017.
  19. Warrier, BS (30 January 2012). "The IISc stamp on science research". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  20. "List of Institutions of higher education which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities as on 06.10.2017" (PDF). University Grants Commission. 6 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  21. "Government declares 6 educational 'Institutions of Eminence'; 3 Institutions from Public Sector and 3 from Private Sector shortlisted". pib.gov.in (Press release). Ministry of Human Resource Development. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  22. "Press Note on IISc brand Identity" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  23. "Bengaluru: IISc receives Rs 425-crore donation to set up medical institute, 800-bed multi-speciality hospital". The Indian Express. 15 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  24. "23rd International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  25. "In the heart of Bangalore". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  26. "Flora at IISc Campus". ces.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  27. IISc. IISc Landuse Masterplan.
  28. "Building as landmark of Bangalore". Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  29. Rachel Lee (2012) Constructing a Shared Vision: Otto Koenigsberger and Tata & Sons. Archived 7 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine ABE Journal 2
  30. "Indian Institute of Science". Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  31. "Indian Institute of Science - Challakere Campus". Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  32. "Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore". iisc.ac.in. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  33. "Indian Institute of Science". Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  34. "Indian Institute of Science Bangalore". Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  35. "Welcome to Department of Mechanical Engineering, IISc". Mecheng.iisc.ernet.in:8080. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  36. "Electrical Communication Engineering, IISc". Ece.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  37. "Supercomputer Education and Research Centre(Academics)". Serc.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  38. "Indian Institute of Science Bangalore". Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  39. "CPDM, Indian Institute of Science". Cpdm.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  40. "Indian Institute of Science Bangalore". Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  41. "IISc UG Website". IISc. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  42. Sruthy Susan Ullas (13 June 2011). "IISC opens doors to undergrads". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013.
  43. "Indian Institute of Science Bangalore". Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  44. "About J R D Tata Memorial Library". Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  45. "SERC — India". Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  46. "ET — India".
  47. Reporter, B. S. "IISc start-up builds world's first food grade DNA/RNA stain". Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  48. "Academic Ranking of World Universities - Indian Institute of Science". shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  49. "Center for World University Rankings 2020-21". Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  50. "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020". Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  51. "QS World University Rankings 2023". Top Universities. 9 June 2022.
  52. "Graduate Employability Rankings 2022". 9 June 2022.
  53. "World University Rankings". Round University Rankings. 9 June 2022.
  54. "THE World University Rankings - Indian Institute of Science". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  55. "Best Global Universities - Indian Institute of Science". U.S. News Education (USNWR). Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  56. "QS Asian University Rankings 2022". Top Universities. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  57. "BRICS 2019". Top Universities. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  58. "Asia University Rankings 2022". 9 June 2022.
  59. "Emerging Economies University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education (THE). 22 January 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  60. "QS World University Rankings 2022". Top Universities. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  61. "QS World University Rankings 2021 : Top Global Universities". Top Universities. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  62. "IISc Bengaluru has world's second highest rate of citations per faculty". The Hindu. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  63. Prerna Sindwani (20 June 2019). "IISc Bangalore is now the world's second best research institute". Businessinsider.in. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  64. "Indian Institute of Science - QS ranking". QS World Ranking. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  65. "SCImago Institutions Rankings - Higher Education - All Regions and Countries - 2020 - Overall Rank". scimagoir.com.
  66. "ARWU World University Rankings 2020 - Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 - Top 1000 universities - Shanghai Ranking - 2020". Shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  67. "MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  68. "MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". www.nirfindia.org. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  69. "Get ready for Pravega", The Hindu
  70. "National Science (VIJYOSHI) Camp 2014". 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  71. "IISM 2016", IISER Kolkata
  72. "IISc Alumni Association | IISc alumni association website". Iiscalumni.com. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  73. "About Us". Iiscaana.org. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  74. "IISc Alumni Association makes news - for all the wrong reasons - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  75. "Membership Fee & How to become a Member ?". Iiscaana.org. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  76. Staff Reporter (27 December 2015). "Ten years on, IISc. attack mastermind at large". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
  77. "IISC's Security Was Beefed Up After the Attack 10 Years Ago".
  78. Dr. VK Aatre Appointed New SA To RM, https://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/nl/Feb2000/appointednlfeb.htm
  79. "Indian Academy of Sciences". fellows.ias.ac.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  80. Prof. S. N. Atluri, https://www.depts.ttu.edu/coe/CARES/atluri.php
  81. "INSA-Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan". INSA. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  82. "Biographies : DR. SIVA S. BANDA". archive.ph. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  83. "Deceased fellow-Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  84. "T. K. Chandrashekar on NISER". National Institute of Science Education and Research. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  85. "Vadapalli Chandrasekhar-Biography" (PDF). The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  86. "INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail". Insaindia.res.in. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  87. Rajagopala Chidambaram, http://www.barc.gov.in/leaders/rc.html
  88. "Biographical Information – Sanjeev Das". Regional Centre for Biotechnology. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  89. "Scientist Sanjeev Galande selected for GD Birla Award". The Hindu. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  90. "About the PI". home.iitk.ac.in. 16 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  91. "Record of Fellows". India: The National Academy of Sciences.
  92. "Fellow profile – RS Gokhale". Indian Academy of Sciences. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  93. "Kunchithapadam Gopalan-Indian fellow". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  94. "Dr. Prashant Goswami, Director". National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies. 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  95. "NAS Staff Page: Guru Guruswamy, PhD". Nas.nasa.gov. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  96. "Bio-data". civil.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  97. "INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail – Professor AM Jayannavar". insaindia.res.in. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  98. "From Stars to Moon: Meet Chandrayaan-2 Mission Director Ritu Srivastava". 14 February 2022.
  99. "Dr. P.K. Kelkar". Dr. P.K. Kelkar. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  100. "National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan". Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 15 June 2003. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  101. "Indian fellow – T K Kundu". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  102. "Biographical Information-Pinaki Majumdar". Harish-Chandra Research Institute. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  103. "Debasisa Mohanty on NII". nii.res.in. 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  104. "Saraju Mohanty | Faculty Information System". facultyinfo.unt.edu. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  105. "Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy-Biodata on IITK" (PDF). IIT Kanpur. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  106. "Welcome to Our Homepage". mbu.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  107. "B. S. Murty-Faculty profile". IIT Madras. 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  108. Sudha Murthy, https://www.infosys.com/infosys-foundation/about/trustees/
  109. "Indian fellow – Nagaraj". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  110. "DNA Repair and Disease Laboratory - Indian Institute of Science". biochem.iisc.ernet.in. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  111. "Profile on CSIR" (PDF). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  112. "Indian fellow-P. T. Narasimhan". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  113. Shamkant B. Navathe, https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~sham/
  114. "Knowledge Enterprise leadership | Knowledge Enterprise". research.asu.edu. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  115. "Faculty profile-Swapan Kumar Pati". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  116. "Biographical Information – Aloke Paul". Indian Institute of Science. 3 November 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  117. "Beena Pillai CV Jun 2015_Medium.pdf". Google Docs. 14 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  118. "Profile of Professor T. Pradeep". Dstuns.iitm.ac.in. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  119. Ailza (21 January 2018). "BSBE Faculty". iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  120. Prof. (Dr.) P.B. Sharma; Prof. (Dr.) Padmakali Banerjee; Prof. (Dr.) Jai Paul Dudeja, Prof. (Dr.) Priti Singh, Dr. Ranjeet K. Brajpuriya (1 October 2015). Making Innovations Happen. Allied Publishers. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-81-8424-999-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  121. "Madan Rao - Distinguished Alumnus 2016". Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. 22 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  122. "Gundabathula Venkateswara Rao-Fellow profile". Indian Academy of Sciences. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  123. "D. Srinivasa Reddy-Biography" (PDF). National Chemical Laboratory. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  124. "Fellow profile – RP Roy". Indian Academy of Sciences. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  125. "BSBE Faculty – R.Sankararamakrishnan". IIT Kanpur. 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  126. "| NITI Aayog". www.niti.gov.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  127. "Sagar Sengupta on NII". nii.res.in. 27 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  128. "My professor advised me to join MIT: Dr K Sivan". India Today. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  129. "Fellow profile". Indian Academy of Sciences. 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  130. "Tandon Leadership Team | NYU Tandon School of Engineering". engineering.nyu.edu. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  131. "Sargur N. Srihari Homepage". cedar.buffalo.edu. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  132. "Fellow profile – N. Srinivasan". Indian Academy of Sciences. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  133. "Aeronautical Development Agency". www.ada.gov.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  134. "About Janardhana Swamy | Janardhana Swamy". www.jswamy.com. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  135. "Education and Experience". ncl-india.org. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  136. "Prof. M. Vijayan". mbu.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  137. "Index". 20 May 2008. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  138. Wadhwa, R.P. (11 July 2015). "Additional author information". IETE Journal of Research. 26 (8): 485–487. doi:10.1080/03772063.1980.11452205.
  139. "Senior scientist S Somnath replaces K Sivan as new ISRO chief". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  140. Ramesh, Sandhya (31 July 2022). "IISc, India's lone science gem that keeps topping global rankings, leaving IITs, IIMs behind". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  141. Singh, Vishwakarma; Srikrishna, A. (8 January 2003). "A Tribute to Prof. Sukh Dev". Arkivoc. 2003 (3): 1–7. doi:10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.301. ISSN 1551-7012.
  142. "Remembering S R Valluri: Titan of Indian Aeronautics". Vayu Aerospace and Defence Review. 5 April 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  143. List of Recipients of Bharat Ratna, http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/RecipientsBR_140515.pdf Archived 10 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  144. "C. V. Raman - Biography, Facts and Pictures". Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  145. "Archive News". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  146. "Deceased fellow-Adiga". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  147. "Indian Fellow-P. Balaram". INSA. 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  148. "Faculty profile – Dipankar Banerjee". Indian Academy of Sciences. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  149. "G. S. Bhat on CAOS". CAOS, Indian Institute of Science. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  150. "Santanu Bhattacharya". Indian Institute of Science. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  151. "Indian fellow-Vivek Borkar". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  152. "Faculty profile-Tushar Kanti Chakraborty". Indian Institute of Science. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  153. "Indian fellow". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  154. "Faculty profile". Indian Institute of Science. 25 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  155. "Faculty profile". biochem.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  156. "Jayaraman Chandrasekhar – Faculty profile". Indian Institute of Science. 2016.
  157. "Indian fellow-Srinivasan Chandrasekaran". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  158. "Indian fellow-Kamanio Chattopadhyay". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  159. "Indian fellow-Atul Chokshi". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  160. "Laboratory of Dr. Saumitra Das". mcbl.iisc.ac.in. 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  161. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Devadas Devaprabhakara". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  162. "Patrick D' Silva - Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science". bio.iisc.ac.in. 14 May 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  163. "Indian Fellow – Easwaran". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  164. Giri, K.V.; Rajagopalan R.; Pillai, S.C. (8 November 2017). "Gilbert J. Fowler-Obituary" (PDF). Current Science. 22 (4): 108. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  165. "Indian Fellow-R. Godbole". Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  166. "Indian fellow-Balasubramanian Gopal". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  167. "Faculty profile-Narayanaswamy Jayaraman". Indian Institute of Science. 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  168. "Indian Fellow: Chanda Jog". Indian National Science Academy. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  169. "Deceased fellow-Kaushal Kishore". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  170. "Prof. H. R. Krishnamurthy". IISc Physics Department. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  171. "Indian Fellow-Anurag Kumar". Indian National Science Academy. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  172. "Curriculum Vitae on RRI-Narendra Kumar". Raman Research Institute. 2017. Archived from the original on 9 February 2004. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  173. "Indian fellow-Rajinder Kumar". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  174. "Indian fellow-Viswanathan Kumaran". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
  175. "Faculty profile-Uday Maitra". Indian Institute of Science. 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  176. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Neelesh B. Mehta". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  177. V. P. Dimri (April 2003). "Pramod Sadasheo Moharir (1943–2003)" (PDF). Current Science. 84 (7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2004. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  178. "Deceased fellow-Moudgal". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  179. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Govindasamy Mugesh". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  180. "Biography-Partha Sarathi Mukherjee" (PDF). Indian Institute of Science. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  181. "Indian fellow-Manohar Lal Munjal". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  182. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Kalappa Muniyappa". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  183. "Brief Profile of the Awardee – Valakunja Nagaraja". SSB Prize. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  184. "Indian fellow-Ramarathnam Narasimhan". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  185. "Honour for scientist Roddam Narasimha". The Hindu. Associated Press. 22 September 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  186. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Rishikesh Narayanan". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  187. "Life force". New Scientist. 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  188. Renganathan, Vigneshwaran (14 May 2018). "People - Molecular Chaperone Lab". pdslab.biochem.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  189. "Former Faculty-Sunil Kumar Podder". Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  190. "About the Speaker-E. S. Raja Gopal". IISER, Thiruvananthapuram. 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  191. "Faculty profile". materials.iisc.ernet.in. 20 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  192. "Indian Fellow-Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  193. Vijayan, M.; Johnson, L. N. (2005). "Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran. 8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001: Elected FRS 1977". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 51: 367–377. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2005.0024. S2CID 70784146.
  194. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Subramaniam Ramakrishnan". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  195. "Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
  196. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  197. "Prof. Ramaseshan passes away". The Hindu. 30 December 2003. Archived from the original on 9 January 2004.
  198. "Sriram Ramaswamy-Biography". Royal Society. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  199. "Faculty Profile-P. N. Rangarajan". Indian Institute of Science. 2017.
  200. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Srinivasan Sampath". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  201. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-KJ Rao". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  202. "Professor CNR Rao profile". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  203. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-N. Ravishankar". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2017.
  204. "INSA". INSA-Dipankar Das Sarma. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  205. "Indian Fellow – Sasisekharan". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  206. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-S. K. Satheesh". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  207. "Faculty profile". physics.iisc.ernet.in. 14 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  208. "Prof. Vijay B. Shenoy". IISc Physics Department. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  209. "Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) Group Leader". cidr.iisc.ernet.in. 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  210. "Aninda Sinha". Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  211. "Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha". Indian National Science Academy. 3 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  212. "K. Somasundaram – Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science". bio.iisc.ac.in. 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  213. "IISC Profile-Ajay Sood" (PDF). IISC. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  214. "Deceased fellow-Adusumilli Srikrishna". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  215. "Indian fellow-G. S. R. Subba Rao". Indian National Science Academy. 2016.
  216. "Utpal S. Tatu – Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science". bio.iisc.ac.in. 6 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  217. "Professor S Thangavelu". Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  218. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-Siva Umapathy". Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  219. "IISc Honours 8 Faculty Members". The Indian Express. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  220. "Indian fellow – Varadarajan". Indian National Science Academy. 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  221. "SERB profile" (PDF). Science and Engineering Research Board. 25 December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  222. "M. Vijayan on IISc". IISc. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  223. "Brief Profile of the Awardee-PN Vinayachandran". SSB Prize. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  224. "Prof. Sandhya S. Visweswariah". IISc. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  225. "RRI Digital Repository: Underwater atom bomb test : Radio fade-out noted in Bangalore". Dspace.rri.res.in:8080. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  226. Mitra, S.N. (1982). "Prof. S.P. Chakravarti (1904–1981)". Iete Journal of Research. 28 (8): 385–390. doi:10.1080/03772063.1982.11452762.
  227. "Satish Dhawan: The Transformer". India Today. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  228. "vm ghatage: VM Ghatage: Indian aircraft industry's 'Bhishma Pitamaha' was an avid painter, golfer - The Economic Times". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Institute of Science.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.