Newton-metre
The newton-metre (also newton metre or newton meter; symbol N⋅m[1] or N m[1]) is the unit of torque (also called moment) in the International System of Units (SI). One newton-metre is equal to the torque resulting from a force of one newton applied perpendicularly to the end of a moment arm that is one metre long. The nonstandard notation Nm occurs in some fields.
Newton-metre | |
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![]() One newton-metre is the torque resulting from a force of one newton applied perpendicularly to the end of a moment arm that is one metre long. | |
General information | |
Unit system | SI |
Unit of | torque |
Symbol | N⋅m or N m |
Conversions | |
1 N⋅m in ... | ... is equal to ... |
FPS system | 0.73756215 lbf.ft |
inch⋅pound-force | 8.8507 in lbf |
inch⋅ounce-force | 141.6 in oz |
The unit is also used less commonly as a unit of work, or energy, in which case it is equivalent to the more common and standard SI unit of energy, the joule.[2] In this usage the metre term represents the distance travelled or displacement in the direction of the force, and not the perpendicular distance from a fulcrum as it does when used to express torque. This usage is generally discouraged,[3] since it can lead to confusion as to whether a given quantity expressed in newton-metres is a torque or a quantity of energy.[4] However, since torque represents energy transferred or expended per angle of revolution, one newton-metre of torque is equivalent to one joule per radian.[4]
Newton-metres and joules are dimensionally equivalent in the sense that they have the same expression in SI base units,
but are distinguished to avoid misunderstandings when a torque is mistaken for an energy or vice versa. Similar examples of dimensionally equivalent units include Pa versus J/m3, Bq versus Hz, and ohm versus ohm per square.
Conversion factors
References
- BIPM – unit symbols
- For example: Eshbach's handbook of engineering fundamentals - 10.4 Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer "In SI units the basic unit of energy is newton-metre".
- Fundamentals of Physics, 9th edition by Halliday Resnick Ralker, p. 309. "The SI unit of torque is the newton-meter. In our discussion of energy we called this combination the joule. But torque is not work and torque should be expressed in newton-meters, not joules. google books link
- BIPM - special names
- Mechanical Engineering Formulas Pocket Guide, p6
- Concise encyclopedia of plastics, by Donald V. Rosato, Marlene G. Rosato, Dominick V. Rosato, p621