Pentagon UFO videos

The Pentagon UFO videos are selected visual recordings of cockpit instrumentation displays from United States Navy fighter jets based aboard aircraft carriers USS Nimitz and USS Theodore Roosevelt in 2004, 2014 and 2015, with additional footage taken by other Navy personnel in 2019. The four grainy, monochromic videos, widely characterized as officially documenting UFOs, have received extensive coverage in the media since 2017. The Pentagon later addressed and officially released the first three videos in 2020,[1] and confirmed the provenance of the leaked 2019 videos in two statements made in 2021.[2]

Publicity surrounding the videos has prompted a number of explanations, including drones or unidentified terrestrial aircraft, anomalous or artefactual instrument readings, physical observational phenomena (e.g., parallax), human observational and interpretive error, and, as is typical in the context of such incidents, extraordinary speculations of alien spacecraft.[3]

Background

On November 14, 2004, fighter pilot Commander David Fravor of the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group claims to have investigated radar indications of a possible target off the coast of southern California.[4][5][6][7] Fravor said the operator had told him that the USS Princeton (CG-59), part of the strike group, had been tracking unusual aircraft for two weeks prior to the incident. The aircraft would appear at 80,000 feet (24,000 m) before descending rapidly toward the sea, and stopping at 20,000 feet (6,100 m) and hovering.[4] Fravor reported that he saw an object, white and oval, hovering above an ocean disturbance. He estimated that the object was about 40 feet (12 m) long.[7][4] Fravor and another pilot, Alex Dietrich, said in an interview that a total of four people (two pilots and two weapons systems officers in the back seats of the two airplanes) witnessed the object for about 5 minutes.[8] Fravor says that as he spiraled down to get closer to the object, the object ascended, mirroring the trajectory of his airplane, until the object disappeared.[8] A second wave of fighters, including pilot Lieutenant Commander Chad Underwood, took off from Nimitz to investigate.[9] Unlike Fravor, Underwood's fighter was equipped with an advanced infrared camera (FLIR).[9] Underwood recorded the FLIR video, and coined the description "Tic Tac" to describe the infrared image, but did not himself see any unusual object.[9]

During 2014–2015, fighter pilots associated with the USS Theodore Roosevelt carrier strike group were operating off the East Coast of the United States when they recorded the GIMBAL and GOFAST videos while reporting instrument detections of unknown aerial objects which the pilots were unable to identify.[10][11]

Release of videos

On December 16, 2017, The New York Times reported on the incidents, and published two videos, termed "FLIR" and "GIMBAL", purporting to show encounters by jets from Nimitz and Theodore Roosevelt with unusually shaped, fast-moving aircraft. Additionally, the Washington Post published a video of a similar encounter, titled "GOFAST".[12] The reports became subject to "fevered speculation by UFO investigators".[13] Those stories have been criticized by journalism professor Keith Kloor as "a curious narrative that appears to be driven by thinly-sourced and slanted reporting". According to Kloor, "Cursory attention has been given to the most likely, prosaic explanations. Instead, the coverage has, for the most part, taken a quizzical, mysterious frame that plays off the catchy 'UFO' tag in the headline".[14]

The videos, featuring cockpit display data and infrared imagery, along with audio of communications between the pursuing pilots, were initially provided to the press by Christopher Mellon, the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Around the same time, Luis Elizondo, the director of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, had resigned from the Pentagon in October 2017 to protest government secrecy and opposition to the investigation, stating in a resignation letter to Defense Secretary James Mattis that the program was not being taken seriously.[15] According to Wired magazine, a copy of one of the videos had been online, in a UFO forum, since at least 2007.[16] In September 2019, a Pentagon spokeswoman confirmed that the released videos were made by naval aviators, and that they are "part of a larger issue of an increased number of training range incursions by unidentified aerial phenomena in recent years".[17] On April 27, 2020, the Pentagon formally released the three videos.[1][18][19][20]

In February 2020, the United States Navy confirmed that, in response to inquiries, intelligence briefings presented by naval intelligence officials have been provided to members of Congress.[21][22][23][24]

2019 videos

Still from the USS Russell video

In April 2021, Pentagon spokesperson Sue Gough confirmed that publicly-available video footage of what appeared to be an unidentified triangular object in the sky had been taken by Navy personnel aboard USS Russell in 2019.[25][26] Science writer and expert UFO investigator Mick West suggested the image was the result of an optical effect called a bokeh, which can make out of focus light sources appear triangular or pyramidal due to the shape of the aperture of some camera lenses.[27] The Pentagon also confirmed photographs of objects described as "sphere", "acorn" and "metallic blimp."[28]

The following month, Gough further confirmed a second video had been recorded by Navy personnel and is under review by the UAP Task Force. The video, recorded on July 15, 2019, aboard the USS Omaha, purportedly shows a spherical object flying over the ocean as seen through an infrared camera at night, moving rapidly across the screen before stopping and easing down into the water.[29][2][30][31]

Potential explanations

As of 2020, the aerial phenomena recorded from the Nimitz and Roosevelt events are characterized by the Department of Defense as "unidentified".[32][33] Widespread media attention to these events has motivated theories and speculations from private individuals and groups about the underlying explanation(s), including those focused upon pseudoscientific topics such as ufology. Regarding the pseudoscientific explanations, writer Matthew Gault stated that these events "reflect the same pattern that's played out dozens of times before. Someone sees something strange in the sky ... and the public jumps to an illogical conclusion".[3] Writing in The New York Times, author and astrophysicist Adam Frank stated that with respect to claims of "evidence of extraterrestrial technology that can defy the laws of physics", the pilot's reports and cockpit instrumentation videos "doesn't amount to much".[34]

Animation of the parallax effect shows how a moving observer would perceive considerable differences in velocity between objects at varying distances.

Mundane, skeptical explanations include instrument or software malfunction, anomaly or artifact,[35][36] human observational illusion (e.g., parallax) or interpretive error,[10][37][38][39] or common aircraft (e.g., a passenger airliner) or aerial device (e.g., weather balloon). Science writer Mick West argued, "Any time something unidentified shows up in restricted airspace, then that’s a real problem", but cautioned that believers in "alien disclosure" are "encroaching on these real issues of UAPs".[40] West cautioned that "the report suggests the majority of cases, if solved, would turn out to be a variety of things like airborne clutter or natural atmospheric phenomenon. A lack of data does not mean aliens are the likely answer".[41][32][33][3]

Physicist Adam Frank speculated that it was possible the UFOs in the videos are "drones deployed by rivals like Russia and China to examine our defenses — luring our pilots into turning on their radar and other detectors, thus revealing our electronic intelligence capabilities".[34] Astronomer Thomas Bania speculated that they could be some form of electronic warfare fielded by China or Russia "trying to get intelligence of exactly what our weapons systems are capable of doing".[42]

Following the congressional intelligence briefings and in order to encourage pilots to flag disturbances that "have been occurring regularly since 2014", the US Navy announced it had updated the way pilots were to formally report unexplained aerial observations.[18] Commenting on these updated guidelines, a spokesman for the deputy Chief of Naval Operations said, "The intent of the message to the fleet is to provide updated guidance on reporting procedures for suspected intrusions into our airspace".[10] Regarding the new guidelines, the spokesman said that one possible explanation for the increase in reported intrusions could be the rise in availability of unmanned aerial systems such as quadrocopters.[18]

United States Senator Marco Rubio, who was chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee at the time, said that he feared the UFOs in the videos may be Chinese or Russian technology.[43] Retired Admiral Gary Roughead, who commanded both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets before serving as Chief of Naval Operations from 2007 to 2011, said in 2020 that in his time, "most of the assessments were inconclusive" as to what these videos showed. In the context of a lecture on China's 21st century military strategy, Roughead commented that development of unmanned autonomous aircraft that had the capability to be used as submersible military assets was a priority of the US, as well as other nations such as China and Russia.[44]

Adam Dodd and security expert Jack Weinstein say that neither of these countries presently have the capability to produce aircraft with such extraordinary capabilities, and noted that they would normally keep any such high level technology from being observed and documented by a rival country such as the US.[45][46]

Media commentary has also noted that, if China or Russia had the level of technology that allowed for extreme speeds and maneuverability exhibited by the UAPs, then the US would be aware of it.[47] However, in response to this, Weinstein said, "I won’t go that far. China has developed some good technology much faster than we thought they were going to".[48]

According to New York magazine writer for the Digital Intelligencer, Jeff Wise, UAP may not represent actual aircraft speeds and maneuverability, since advancements in electronic warfare (EW) techniques, similar to early "radar spoofing" used by the US military, could deceive sensors to give false velocity and position information and result in reports of "unusual UAP movement patterns or flight characteristics". Wise writes that this might be "the crucial, missing context for what military pilots might actually be seeing" and speculates that US adversaries may have developed EW capabilities that exploit weaknesses of US systems and "gaps in its electronic warfare capabilities" that allow sensor information to be missed, or erroneous tracking data to be created.[49]

June 2021 UFO report

On June 25, 2021, the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released a preliminary report on UAPs,[50] largely centering on evidence gathered in the last 20 years from US Navy reports. The report came to no conclusion about what the UAPs were, based on a "lack sufficient data to determine the nature of mysterious flying objects observed by military pilots — including whether they are advanced earthly technologies, atmospherics, or of an extraterrestrial nature.",[51] though in a limited number of incidents, UAP reportedly appeared to exhibit unusual flight characteristics, including high velocity,[52] breaking the sound barrier without producing a sonic boom,[53] high maneuverability not able to be replicated otherwise,[54] long-duration flight,[55] and an ability to submerge into the water.[29][56][46][57][55] Some of the UAPs appeared to move with no discernible means of propulsion,[58] and it was noted that the alleged high speeds and maneuvers would normally destroy any craft.[55] These observations could be the result of sensor errors, spoofing, or observer misperception, and require additional rigorous analysis.[58]

The report indicated that, in most cases, the UAP recordings probably were of physical objects, and not false readings, as individual instances had been detected by different sensor mechanisms, including visual observation. The report also stated that "UAP probably lack a single explanation", and proposed five possible categories of explanation: airborne clutter, natural atmospheric phenomena, US government or industry development technology, foreign craft, and an "Other" category.[58]

The report raised concerns that the UAPs could be a safety issue, with regard to a possible collision with US aircraft, and that they could pose a security threat if they were foreign craft gathering information about the US.[58] The report indicated that investigation of the topic would continue, including development of reporting protocols.[58] The report also indicated that, of the sightings reported, all except one (confirmed as a weather balloon) lack sufficient information to attribute a specific explanation or explanations.[51]

FOI request by The Black Vault

The Black Vault, a government transparency site that had previously released UAP material, made a Freedom of Information request of the Government for the release of more video footage, filed to the US Navy in April 2020. Some two years later, the government confirmed it had more footage, but refused to release it, citing concerns for national security. Deputy director of the Department of the Navy's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) program, Gregory Cason, stated in the response: "The release of this information will harm national security as it may provide adversaries valuable information regarding Department of Defense/Navy operations, vulnerabilities, and/or capabilities." [59] [60]

  • The videos were featured in the 2019 History Channel series Unidentified: Inside America's UFO Investigation.[13]
  • On October 5, 2019, episode 1361 of The Joe Rogan Experience featured the videos and interviewed Fravor.[9]
  • The videos were featured in the Showtime Networks series UFO.[61]

See also

  • Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program
  • Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force

References

  1. "Statement by the Department of Defense on the Release of Historical Navy Videos". United States Department of Defense. 27 April 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  2. Schwartz, Gadi; Stelloh, Tim (17 May 2021). "Leaked Navy video appears to show UFO off California". NBC News. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  3. Gault, Matthew (6 May 2020). "The Skeptic's Guide to the Pentagon's UFO Videos". Vice. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  4. Cooper, Helene; Kean, Leslie; Blumenthal, Ralph (16 December 2017). "2 Navy Airmen and an Object That 'Accelerated Like Nothing I've Ever Seen'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  5. Bender, Bryan (16 December 2017). "The Pentagon's Secret Search for UFOs". Politico. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  6. Mellon, Christopher (9 March 2018). "The military keeps encountering UFOs. Why doesn't the Pentagon care?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  7. Finucane, Martin (16 January 2018). "This former Navy pilot, who once chased a UFO, says we should take them seriously". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  8. Whitaker, Bill (16 May 2021). "UFOs regularly spotted in restricted U.S. airspace, report on the phenomena due next month". CBS News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  9. Phelan, Matthew (19 December 2019). "Navy Pilot Who Filmed the 'Tic Tac' UFO Speaks: 'It Wasn't Behaving by the Normal Laws of Physics'". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  10. Cooper, Helene; Blumenthal, Ralph; Kean, Leslie (26 May 2019). "'Wow, What Is That?' Navy Pilots Report Unexplained Flying Objects". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  11. McMillan, Tim (17 January 2020). "The Tale of the Tape: The Long, Bizarre Saga of the Navy's UFO Video". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  12. Mellon, Christopher. "The Military Keeps Encountering UFOs. Why Doesn't the Pentagon Care?". Washington Post.
  13. Eghigian, Greg (February 2020). "The Year of UFOs". Air & Space/Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  14. Kloor, Keith (17 May 2020). "Will The New York Times Ever Stop Reporting on UFOs?". Wired. Wired. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  15. Hart, Benjamin (16 December 2017). "Reports: The Pentagon Spent Millions on UFO Research". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  16. Scoles, Sarah (17 February 2018). "What Is Up With Those Pentagon UFO Videos?". Wired. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  17. Taylor, Derrick Bryson (26 September 2019). "How Blink-182's Tom DeLonge Became a U.F.O. Researcher". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  18. Epstein, Kayla (18 September 2019). "Those UFO videos are real, the Navy says, but please stop saying 'UFO'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  19. Martinez, Gina (18 September 2019). "Navy Confirms Existence of 'Unidentified' Flying Objects Seen in Leaked Footage". Time. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  20. Gains, Mosheh; Helsel, Phil (19 September 2019). "Yep, those are UFOs, Navy says about 3 videos of strange sightings". NBC News. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  21. Bender, Bryan (23 April 2019). "U.S. Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs". Politico. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  22. Bender, Bryan (19 June 2019). "Senators get classified briefing on UFO sightings". Politico. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  23. Buncombe, Andrew (20 September 2019). "Congress receive classified briefing on 'UFO encounters with US navy'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  24. McMillan, Tim (14 February 2020). "Inside the Pentagon's Secret UFO Program". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  25. Duster, Chandelis (16 April 2021). "Defense Department confirms leaked video of unidentified aerial phenomena is real". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  26. Jain, Akshita (13 April 2021). "Pentagon confirms leaked video of UFO 'buzzing' Navy warships is genuine". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  27. Christian, Jon (4 October 2021). "Pentagon Confirms That Leaked Video Is Part of UFO Investigation". Futurism. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  28. Aratani, Lauren (16 April 2021). "Pentagon confirms leaked photographs and video of UFOs are legitimate". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  29. Elliott, Josh K. (18 May 2021). "Leaked video appears to show UFO plunging under water off California". Global News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  30. Hanks, Micah (14 May 2021). "Pentagon Confirms Leaked Video Showing "Transmedium" UFO is Authentic". The Debrief. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  31. "Newly leaked video shows a UFO disappear into the water - CNN Video". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  32. Kooser, Amanda (27 April 2020). "The Pentagon releases three classified 'UFO' videos filmed by US Navy". CNET. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  33. Kooser, Amanda (14 March 2018). "UFO caught on video? Skeptics weigh in on weird footage". CNET. Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  34. Frank, Adam (30 May 2021). "I'm a Physicist Who Searches for Aliens. U.F.O.s Don't Impress Me". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  35. Weisberger, Mindy (28 April 2020). "'UFO' videos declassified by US Navy". Space.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  36. Kreidler, Marc (1 May 2018). "Navy Pilot's 2004 UFO: A Comedy of Errors | Skeptical Inquirer". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  37. Plait, Phil (1 May 2020). "So, those Navy videos showing UFOs? I'm not saying it's not aliens, but it's not aliens". Syfy Wire. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  38. Lincoln, Don (21 June 2019). "Why pilots are seeing UFOs". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  39. Overbye, Dennis (29 December 2017). "U.F.O.s: Is This All There Is?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  40. David, Leonard (8 June 2021). "Experts Weigh In on Pentagon UFO Report". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  41. Leonard, David (28 June 2021). "Up in the air! US government's UFO report stirs range of reactions". Space.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  42. Barlow, Rich (11 June 2021). "Are UFOs Visitors from Space? Government Report Won't Rule It Out". Boston University. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  43. Gault, Matthew (20 July 2020). "Marco Rubio Hopes UFOs Are Aliens, Not Chinese Planes". Vice. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  44. Cox, Billy (15 January 2020). "Former Navy Admiral Says UFO Analyses 'Inconclusive'". Sarasota Herald-Tribune, on Military.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  45. Borger, Julian (25 June 2021). "Why the Pentagon UFO report is deeply troubling for US security experts". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  46. Dodd, Adam (28 June 2021). "Pentagon report says UFOs can't be explained, and this admission is a big deal". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  47. "Are UFOs Visitors from Space? Government Report Won't Rule It Out". Boston University. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  48. "Are UFOs Visitors from Space? Government Report Won't Rule It Out". Boston University. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  49. Wise, Jeff (3 July 2021). "How to Decipher the Pentagon's UFO Report The crucial, missing context for what military pilots might actually be seeing". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  50. "READ: US intelligence community's unclassified report on UFOs". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  51. "US report on Pentagon-documented UFOs leaves sightings unexplained". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  52. McMillan, Tim (17 January 2020). "Let's Talk About the Long, Bizarre Saga of the Navy's 2004 UFO Video". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  53. Phelan, Matthew (19 December 2019). "Navy Pilot Who Filmed a UFO Speaks: 'It Wasn't Behaving by the Laws of Physics'". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  54. "Pentagon won't rule out aliens in long-awaited UFO report". BBC News. 25 June 2021. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  55. Kluger, Jeffrey (4 June 2021). "The Government's UFO Report Is Here. Its Findings? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯". Time. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  56. "Pentagon won't rule out aliens in long-awaited UFO report". BBC News. 25 June 2021. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  57. Barnes, Julian E.; Cooper, Helene (3 June 2021). "U.S. Finds No Evidence of Alien Technology in Flying Objects, but Can't Rule It Out, Either". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  58. "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena" (PDF). Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 25 June 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  59. Science, Live (11 September 2022). "US Navy Admits It Has More UFO Videos, But Don't Expect to See Them Anytime Soon". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  60. "Release of more UFO videos will 'harm national security', US Navy spokesperson says". The Independent. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  61. "UFO (Showtime)". Showtime Networks. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.