List of tallest buildings and structures in London

St Paul's Cathedral, built in 1710, was the tallest building in London at 111 metres (364 ft) until it was overtaken in 1963 by the Millbank Tower at 118 metres (387 ft), which in turn was overtaken by the BT Tower which topped out at 177 metres (581 ft) tall in 1964. In the 1960s and 1970s several high-rise buildings were built, located sporadically, mostly in the western side of Central London with some in the City of London. The first true "skyscrapers" to be built in London were the NatWest Tower (now called Tower 42) which was completed in 1980 in the City of London at 183 metres (600 ft) tall and One Canada Square which was completed in 1991 at 235 metres (771 ft) and formed the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development. The 2000s saw a boom in skyscraper building, mostly in the City of London and Canary Wharf. However, since 2010, the tallest building in London has been The Shard at London Bridge, which was topped out at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft) in 2012. There are more tall buildings planned for the City and Canary Wharf, but there are also clusters emerging in other districts of London including: Stratford, the South Bank, Elephant and Castle, Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Islington, Lewisham as well as in places in Outer London such as Croydon.

The BT Tower, completed in 1964 at 177 metres tall
30 St Mary Axe "the Gherkin", completed in 2003 at 180 metres tall
The Shard, completed in 2012 at 309.6 metres tall
Arguably London's three most famous skyscrapers

As of 2022, there are 115 buildings or structures that are at least 100 metres (328 ft) tall in the Greater London metropolitan area, with 22 of these being in the City of London and 25 being in the Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs district. The Greater London metropolitan area contains the second most skyscrapers of any city in Europe. There are 38 skyscrapers in Greater London that reach a roof height of at least 150 metres (492 ft),[1] with 57 in Moscow, 24 in the Paris Metropolitan Area, 18 in Frankfurt, 16 in Warsaw, 6 in Madrid, 5 each in Milan, Rotterdam and Manchester.

History

Medieval and early modern period

The history of tall structures in London began with the completion of the 27-metre (89 ft) White Tower, a part of the Tower of London, in 1098.[2] The first structure to surpass a height of 100 metres (328 ft) was the Old St Paul's Cathedral. Completed in 1310, it stood at a height of 150 metres (492 ft).[2] St Paul's was the world's tallest structure until 1311, when its height was surpassed by Lincoln Cathedral in Lincoln.[3][4] It regained the title when the spire of Lincoln Cathedral fell in 1549.[4][5][6] Although the spire of the Old St Paul's was destroyed by lightning in 1561, it still stood as the tallest structure in London,[6] while the world's tallest structure became Strasbourg Cathedral in Strasbourg, France.[7][8] St Paul's was severely damaged by the Great Fire of London in 1666.[9] The title of the tallest structure in London passed to Southwark Cathedral, which stands at a height of 50 metres (164 ft) and no structure in London again rose above 100 metres until 1710, when the current St Paul's Cathedral was completed at 111 metres (364 ft), becoming London's tallest building.[10][2]

19th century

Few skyscrapers were built in London before the late 20th century, owing to restrictions on building heights originally imposed by the London Building Act of 1894, which followed the construction of the 14-storey Queen Anne's Mansions.[11] Though restrictions have long since been eased, strict regulations remain to preserve protected views, especially those of St Paul's, the Tower of London and Palace of Westminster, as well as to comply with the requirements of the Civil Aviation Authority.[12][13]

1960s and 1970s

The lifting of height restrictions caused a boom in the construction of tall buildings during the 1960s.[13][14] St Paul's Cathedral remained as London's tallest building until it was overtaken in 1963 by the Millbank Tower at 118 metres (387 ft),[2][15][16] which in turn was overtaken by the BT Tower which topped out just one year later in 1964 at 177 metres (581 ft) and officially opened in 1965.[2][17][18][19] One of London's first notable tall buildings was the 117-metre (384 ft) Centre Point, completed in 1966.[20] Others completed in the 1960s include: the Empress State Building at 100 metres (328 ft) in 1961,[15][21] the Shell Centre at 107 metres (351 ft) in 1961,[22][23] the London Hilton at 101 metres (331 ft) in 1963,[24][25] Portland House at 101 metres (331 ft) in 1963,[22][26] and Euston Tower at 124 metres (407 ft) in 1970,[15][27] all built on the west side of Central London. In 1969, St. Helen's at 118 metres (387 ft) was completed in the City of London,[15][28] along with Britannic House in 1967 at 122 metres (400 ft),[29][30] but the latter was refurbished in 2000, increased to 127m in height and renamed Citypoint.[31] Cromwell Tower, completed in 1973, Lauderdale Tower, completed in 1974 and Shakespeare Tower, completed in 1976, all at 123 metres (404 ft), were built as part of the Barbican Estate in the northern part of the City of London.[32][33][34]

1980s, 1990s and 2000s

The NatWest Tower (now called Tower 42) was completed in 1980, which at 183 metres (600 ft) and 42 storeys, was considered the first "skyscraper" in the City of London.[35] Its height was controversial, being contrary to the previous height restrictions, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom at the time and also the tallest cantilever building in the world.[35] Following an over ten-year gap, One Canada Square was completed in 1991 at 235 metres (771 ft) and formed the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development,[35] which itself is part of the Isle of Dogs and can be considered the east-side of Central London. At 50 storeys, it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom.[35]

With the encouragement of Ken Livingstone who was Mayor of London from 2000 to 2008, a renewed trend for building tall was established in the 2000s.[36][37][38]

Following another over 10-year gap, 8 Canada Square and 25 Canada Square, both standing at 200 metres (660 ft), were completed at Canary Wharf in 2002.[39][40] Several others of a smaller height followed at Canary Wharf including: Heron Quays,[41] 40 Bank Street in 2003 at 153 metres (502 ft),[41] 10 Upper Bank Street in 2003 at 151 metres (495 ft),[41] and 25 Bank Street in 2004 at 153 metres (502 ft).[41] In the City of London, 30 St Mary Axe, nicknamed "the Gherkin" was completed in 2003 at 180 metres (590 ft),[42] Heron Tower in 2007 at 230 metres (750 ft),[43] and the Broadgate Tower in 2008 at 165 metres (541 ft).[44][41] Notably, some of the awards given to 30 St Mary Axe include the Emporis Skyscraper Award in 2003[45] and the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2004.[46]

2010s to present

Boris Johnson, who was Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016, approved the construction of more skyscrapers in London.[47][48][49]

At the time of its completion in 2010, Strata SE1 was the tallest residential building in London.[50] The Shard topped out in 2012 at London Bridge and at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft) remains London's tallest building.[51] In 2014, the 225 metres (738 ft) tall 122 Leadenhall Street, nicknamed "the Cheesegrater", was completed in the City of London.[52] In September 2016 a refit was completed of the 111m King's Reach Tower, originally built in the 1970s, which included an 11-storey height increase to bring it up to 150 metres (490 ft) tall and it was renamed the South Bank Tower.[53] One Blackfriars, also located on the South Bank, topped out in 2017 at 163 metres (535 ft).[54][55] The Scalpel, at 190 metres (620 ft) was completed in the City of London in 2018 and it was designed to protect views of St Paul's Catherdral.[56] Newfoundland Quay, at 220 metres (720 ft) and Landmark Pinnacle at 233 metres (764 ft) topped out in Canary Wharf in 2018 and 2019 respectively.[57][58] One Park Drive at 205 metres (673 ft) and South Quay Plaza at 215 metres (705 ft) both also topped out at Canary Wharf in 2019.[59][60][61] 22 Bishopsgate, at 278 metres (912 ft) topped out in the City of London in 2019,[62] after being approved by the current Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, in 2016.[2]

1 Undershaft, at 290 metres (950 ft), also approved by Sadiq Khan in 2016,[2] is planned to form the centrepiece of the City of London's skyscraper cluster. It is the tallest skyscraper currently proposed for London and will only be exceeded in height by The Shard.[63] It will be built on the site of the aforementioned 1969 St Helen's building which will be demolished.[64] 100 Leadenhall, at 249 metres (817 ft), and already nicknamed the "Cheesegrater 2", is also planned for the City of London.[65] Spire London, at 235 metres (771 ft) is planned for Canary Wharf.[66] However, construction was halted after concerns that the building only had one escape stairwell for residents on the upper floors.[56] The tallest of the two Riverside South towers that have been planned for construction at Canary Wharf since 2008 would have exceeded that cluster's tallest building, One Canada Square, by 1 metre in height, but construction has been stalled since 2011.[67][68] Construction has started on the 216 metres (709 ft) tall Consort Place (previously called Alpha Square) also at Canary Wharf.[69]

There is another major skyscraper cluster emerging in the Vauxhall and Nine Elms districts of London.[70][71] The first skyscraper to appear here was St George Wharf Tower at 181 metres (594 ft) and which was completed in 2014.[72] The tallest tower planned for this cluster is the 200 metres (660 ft) One Nine Elms City Tower.[73]

In 2019, Sadiq Khan blocked the construction of the 290 metre tall Tulip that would have been built in the City of London.[74] After an appeal was launched by the developers against Khan's decision, UK housing secretary Michael Gove rejected the proposal in November 2021.[75][76]

Skylines
The City of London skyline as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The tallest building shown here is 22 Bishopsgate at 278m, which topped out in 2019. Since its construction the famous "Gherkin" building is no longer visible from this angle. There are currently four towers in this cluster that are above 200m tall with two more approved to be constructed at 249m and 290m by 2026. Also shown in the far distance on the left is the emerging cluster in Stratford
The "northern cluster" of the City of London. Some of the smaller skyscrapers shown here include: the Barbican Estate, Finsbury Tower, The Heron, Citypoint, One Crown Place The Stage, Principal Tower and the Broadgate Tower. Also shown in the distance on the far left are 250 City Road and Lexicon Tower in the London Borough of Islington. Also approved for this cluster is the 154m tall 2–3 Finsbury Avenue and the 156m tall 13–14 Appold Street
The Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs business district as viewed from the south-west, December 2019. The tallest building in this cluster is One Canada Square with the pyramid-shaped roof which was completed in 1991 and stands at 235m
The Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs business district as viewed from Blythe Hill Fields, London Borough of Lewisham, May 2021. There are currently seven towers in this cluster that are at least 200m tall with more planned and under construction. However, due to the proximity of London City Airport it is unlikely that any of them will exceed the height of the existing One Canada Square at 235m
The Shard, completed in 2012 at London Bridge, is London's tallest building at 309.6m. Shown here in December 2019 with Guy's Hospital to the right
The emerging South Bank cluster as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The two tallest towers here are One Blackfriars which was completed in 2018 at 163m and the South Bank Tower that was originally constructed in 1972 at 111m but was given an 11 storey height increase in 2017 to bring it up to 150m. There are several more towers planned for this cluster ranging from between 100m and 178.5m tall. There is also an emerging cluster at Elephant and Castle shown on the far left which includes notably, Strata SE1 and another emerging cluster in the distance on the right at Vauxhall/Nine Elms
The emerging cluster at Vauxhall and Nine Elms, August 2020. The two tall towers shown here are 69-71 Bondway (left) at 168m and St George Wharf Tower (centre) at 181m. Within five years there will be seven towers in this cluster with heights between 160m and 200m
Looking towards the West End from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. Shown here from left to right are the London Hilton, completed in 1963, Centre Point, completed in 1966, the BT Tower, completed in 1964 and Euston Tower, completed in 1970. These are all considered among the first "skyscrapers" in London. Also seen in the far distance is the 184m tall One West Point Tower 1 in North Acton which was completed in 2022 and where there will be an emerging cluster in the years to come
The emerging cluster in Croydon town centre which includes Saffron Square (134m), Queen's Quarter building 1 (114m) and 101 George Street (135.6m). Under construction is College Road Tower (150m) and the 228m tall One Landsdowne Road has also been approved for construction.[77]
The emerging cluster in Lewisham also known as Lewisham Gateway, and first Borough of Sanctuary,[78] which includes Lewisham Exchange (105m) and under construction is the 209 Connington Road Tower which will be 117m tall. All of the high-rises shown in this picture are residential with the exception of the grey building shown in the immediate right foreground which was formerly the London offices of Citigroup until they relocated to 25 Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 2001

Tallest buildings and structures

This list ranks externally complete London skyscrapers and free-standing towers that stand at least 100 m (327 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equals sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Rank Name Image Height
m / ft		 Floors Year Primary
use		 Location Notes
1The Shard310 / 101601.0872012MixedSouthwarkTallest building in the UK.[79]
222 Bishopsgate278 / 91202.0622019OfficeCity of LondonTallest building in the City of London
3One Canada Square235 / 77102.0501991OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsTallest building in the Canary Wharf business district.
4Landmark Pinnacle 233 / 764752020ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[80][81]
5Heron Tower230 / 75604.0462011OfficeCity of LondonOnly 202 m at roof height, but includes a 28 m (92 ft) mast.
6122 Leadenhall Street225 / 73704.0462014OfficeCity of LondonNicknamed "The Cheesegrater".[82]
7Newfoundland220 / 72204.0602019ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs
8Crystal Palace
Transmitter		219 / 72035.0N/A1950TransmitterCrystal PalaceTallest structure in London completed in the 1950s.[83]
9South Quay Plaza 1215 / 705682020ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[84] Approved Nov 2014.[85][86][87]
10One Park Drive205 / 673572021ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[88] Wood Wharf A1 building. Application 2013/12/19, Approved July 2015.[89]
118 Bishopsgate204 / 669512022OfficeCity of London[90] 168 m, 40 storey design approved July 2015.[91] New proposal increases height to 204 m and 51 storeys.[92] Approved 2017.[93] Construction commenced in March 2019.[94] Topped out September 2022.[95]
12=8 Canada Square200 / 65505.0422002OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsAlso known as the HSBC Tower.[96][97]
12=25 Canada Square200 / 65504.0422002OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsAlso known as the Citigroup Tower.[98][99]
12=One Nine Elms City Tower200 / 665582022ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsTopped out.[100][101]
15The Scalpel190 / 630392018OfficeCity of London[102][103]
16Wardian London
(East Tower)		187 / 614552019ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsApplication 2013/01/17[104] Approved Nov 2014[85]
17One West Point Tower 1184 / 60404.0602022ResidentialNorth ActonPart of the Portal West development. [105]
18Tower 42183 / 60007.0471980OfficeCity of LondonTallest structure in London completed in the 1980s. Formerly known as the NatWest Tower.[106][107]
19The Madison182 / 597532019ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsPreviously Meridian Gate. Approved 2015.[108]
20St George Wharf Tower181 / 59401.0492013ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsThe crown of the building includes a small wind turbine which helps to generate power for the building.[109][110]
2130 St Mary Axe180 / 59009.0402003OfficeCity of LondonFormerly known as the Swiss Re Building. Nicknamed "The Gherkin".[111][112]
22=BT Tower177 / 58116.0341964Transmitter and OfficeBorough
of Camden		Tallest building in London completed in the 1960s.[113][114]
22=One Thames City No. 8177 / 581532022ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsPlanning application of 2014.[115] Topped out in 2020.[116]
24100 Bishopsgate172 / 563402019OfficeCity of London [117] 100 Bishopsgate EC2N 4AA
25=Wardian London
(West Tower)		168 / 552502019ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsApproved Nov 2014[85]
25=Aykon London One168 / 552502020ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsTopped out in 2020
27One Blackfriars165 / 541522018ResidentialSouth Bank[118][119]
28Broadgate Tower164 / 53914.0352008OfficeCity of London[120][121]
29=Principal Tower161 / 528512018ResidentialShoreditch[122][123] Residential tower.
29=One Nine Elms River Tower161 / 528432022ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsTopped out.[100][124]
3120 Fenchurch Street160 / 52514.0372014OfficeCity of LondonNicknamed "The Walkie-Talkie".
32One Churchill Place156 / 51322.0322004OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[125][126]
33Carrara Tower
(250 City Road)		155 / 508422018ResidentialIslingtonCity Forum site.[127]
3440 Leadenhall Street154 / 505342022OfficeCity of London[128][129] Approved 2015.[130]
35=25 Bank Street153 / 50219.0332003OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[131][132]
35=40 Bank Street153 / 50220.0332003OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[133][134]
37Croydon Transmitter152 / 49936.0N/A1964TransmitterCroydon[135][136]
3810 Upper Bank Street151 / 49523.0322003OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[137][138]
39=South Bank Tower150 / 492452015ResidentialSouth BankOriginally built in 1972 and named King's Reach Tower.[139][140] Height increase from 108 m to 150 m, completed May 2016.[141][142] Architect for original building was Richard Seifert who also designed Tower 42 (NatWest Tower) which accounts for the two buildings' similar designs.[143]
39=10 Park Drive
(Wood Wharf A3)		150 / 492432019ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[144]
41=Baltimore Tower149 / 489462016ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[145][146][147][148]
41=Highpoint149 / 489462017ResidentialElephant & Castle[149][150][151]
43=Pan Peninsula
East Tower		147 / 48402.0482008ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[152][153]
43=Heron Quays West 2147 / 482282019OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[154] 1 Bank Street. Application 24 December 2013.
43=Strata147 / 484432010ResidentialElephant & Castle[155][156][157] The tallest residential building in London at the time of its completion.[50]
46Maine Tower (Harbour Central Block D)144 / 472422018ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[158][159] Topped out 2020.
47=Manhattan Loft Gardens143 / 469422018ResidentialStratford[160]
47=Guy's Tower143 / 46917.0341974HospitalSouthwarkSecond tallest all-hospital building in the world. Tallest structure in London completed in the 1970s.[161][162]
4924 Marsh Wall
East Tower		140 / 458442010ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs
50Imperial West
Residential Building		139 / 456352019ResidentialWhite City[163][164] 88 Wood Lane W12 0FD
51250 City Road, Tower 2 137 / 454362019ResidentialIslington
52Charrington Tower136 / 446442016ResidentialBlackwall[165][166][167]
53101 George Street135.6 / 444442019ResidentialCroydonWorld's tallest modular building[168][169]
54=One Bishopsgate Plaza135 / 443442020HotelCity of LondonLocated at 150 Bishopsgate EC2M 4HX
54=London Eye135 / 44337.0 N/A1999Ferris wheelSouth BankThe world's tallest Ferris wheel from 1999 to 2006.[170][171]
56=Saffron Square134 / 440442015ResidentialCroydon[172][173]
56=Two Fifty One134 / 440422017ResidentialElephant & Castle[174][175][176] Formerly Eileen House.
58Atlas Building134 / 438402018ResidentialHackney145 City Road. Replaces Crown House.
59=150 High Street,
Stratford		133 / 436422013ResidentialStratford[177]
59=Wembley Stadium133 / 43634.062007StadiumWembleySecond-tallest stadium in the world.[178][179]
6125 Churchill Place130 / 42810.0232014OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[180][181]
62=One West Point Tower 2128 / 42004.0602022ResidentialNorth ActonPart of the Portal West development. [105]
62=40 Marsh Wall128 / 420392017HotelCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[182] Tallest all-hotel building in the United Kingdom.[183]
62=Keybridge Lofts128 / 420372019ResidentialVauxhall / Nine Elms[184] Upon completion was the UK's tallest brick residential tower.[185] Replaces ex-BT building called Keybridge House[186] Topped out in 2020.[187]
62=10 George Street (Wood Wharf E2)128 / 420352018ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[188] Application 19 December 2013. Approved 2014.[189][190][191] Topped in 2019.[192]
66CityPoint127 / 41711.0361967OfficeCity of London[193][194] Originally built as Britannic House in 1967 at 122 metres (400 ft) tall,[29][30] but was refurbished in 2000, increased to 127m in height and renamed Citypoint.[31]
67Gladwin Tower126 / 411372019ResidentialVauxhall / Nine Elms[195][196][197] Also known as Nine Elms Point. Completed in 2020.[198]
68=Willis Building125 / 41029.0262007OfficeCity of London[199][200]
68=Harbour Central Block C125 / 410362018ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[201][202] Topped out 2020
70One Thames City No. 9124.6 / 408.8362022ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsAs per planning application of 2014.[115] Topped out in 2020.[203]
71=One The Elephant124 / 406372015ResidentialElephant & Castle[204][205] Formerly St. Mary's. Completed June 2016.[206]
71=Euston Tower124 / 40812.0361970OfficeEuston[207][208]
73=Cromwell Tower123 / 40408.0421973ResidentialCity of London[209][210]
73=Lauderdale Tower123 / 40406.0431974ResidentialCity of London[211][212]
73=Shakespeare Tower123 / 40405.0431976ResidentialCity of London[213][214]
73=One Crown Place Tower 1123 / 403332020ResidentialShoreditch[215] Topped out in 2020
77=Pan Peninsula
West Tower		122 / 40010.0392008ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[216][217]
77=1 Casson Square (Southbank Place)122 / 400372018ResidentialSouth Bank[218][219][220] Topped out in 2018.[221]
77=Stratosphere Tower122 / 400392017ResidentialStratford[222][223] Formerly called Broadway Chambers.
77=Chelsea Waterfront West Tower122 / 400372019ResidentialChelsea HarbourCompleted in 2019[224]
81Sky Gardens Nine Elms120 / 394352017ResidentialVauxhall / Nine Elms[225]
82Millbank Tower119 / 39021.0331963OfficeWestminster[226][227]
83St. Helen's118 / 38728.0281969OfficeCity of LondonFormerly known as the Aviva Tower.[228][229]
84=Centre Point117 / 38515.0351967OfficeWest End[230][231] As of 2015, it is undergoing
conversion to residential use.[232]
84=Empress State Building117 / 38524.0311961OfficeFulhamOriginally stood at a height of 100 metres (328 ft) before a height extension in 2003.[233][234]
86Lexicon Tower
(aka Chronicle Tower)		116 / 380362015ResidentialIslington[235][236][237] 261 City Road.[238]
87=The Stage, Shoreditch115 / 377382022ResidentialShoreditchTopped out in 2021. [239][240]
87=Rudolf Place115 / 377372021Office/StudentVauxhall / Nine Elms[241] Topped out in 2021.[242]
87=ArcelorMittal Orbit115 / 37737.022012Viewing
platform		Stratford[243]
90Queen's Quarter Building 1114 / 374352021ResidentialCroydon[244][245][246] Topped out in 2021[247]
91=Insignia Point113 / 371302018ResidentialStratfordEast Village E20, Site N08 Tower 2, completed 2018.[248][249]
91=Battersea Power Station113 / 37033.0101953IndustrialBattersea[250][251]
93The Heron112 / 367352013ResidentialCity of LondonAlso known as Milton Court.[252][253]
94St Paul's Cathedral111 / 36438.0N/A1710ReligiousCity of LondonTallest place of worship in London. Tallest structure completed in London in the 1700s.[254][255]
95Dollar Bay Tower109 / 358312016ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[256][257]
961 West India Quay108 / 35413.0362004OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[258][259]
97=Shell Centre107 / 35130.0261961OfficeSouth Bank[260][261]
97=One Crown Place Tower 2107 / 351292020ResidentialShoreditch[215] Topped out in 2020
99=Finsbury Tower105 / 344282021OfficeFinsbury[262]
99=33 Canada Square105 / 34432.0181999OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[263][264]
99=Sky View Tower105 / 345352016ResidentialStratford[265] Tallest of the Capital Towers development.[266]
99=Chapter Spitalfields105 / 344342009Residential
(student)		City of London[267]
99=Pioneer Point North105 / 344312011ResidentialIlford[268][269]
99=Lewisham Exchange Tower105 / 344332021Residential/StudentLewishamTopped out 2021
105=99 Bishopsgate104 / 34031.0261976OfficeCity of London[270][271]
105=Ontario Tower104 / 34025.0292007ResidentialBlackwall[272][273]
107Legacy Tower103 / 338332018ResidentialStratford[274] Completed late 2018.
108=Upper Riverside Building 5102 / 335312020ResidentialGreenwich Peninsula[275][276] Topped out in 2020.[277]
108=Victoria Tower102 / 33639.0N/A1858GovernmentWestminsterTallest non-religious building in the world upon completion. Tallest structure completed in London in the 1800s. Architectural height 102 m, roof height 98.5 m.[278][279]
108=Hurlock Heights102 / 336312019ResidentialElephant & CastleTallest building in the Elephant Park Development.[280]
111=Portland House101 / 33126.0291963OfficeWestminster[281][282]
111=London Hilton
on Park Lane		101 / 33126.0281963HotelWest End
111=Skyline,
Woodberry Down		101 / 331312016ResidentialHackney[283]
111=One Angel Court101 / 331242017OfficeCity of London[284] Refurbishment of 97 m building.[285]
115=Stock Exchange Tower100 / 32826.0271970OfficeCity of London[286][287]
115=Urbanest King's Cross100 / 32826.0272013ResidentialBorough
of Camden		[288]
115=Laurel Point100 / 328282018ResidentialStratfordEast Village E20, Site N08 Tower 1, completed in 2018.[289]
115=4 Casson Square (Southbank Place)100 / 327292019ResidentialSouth Bank[290][218][219] Topped out in 2018.[291]

* Indicates still under construction, but has been Topped-out

Tallest under construction, approved and proposed

Under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m). Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are listed above.

Name Image Height
m / ft		 Floors Year (est.) Primary use Location Notes
Consort Place Tower 1216 / 709642024ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUnder construction as of October 2019.[69] Previously named Alpha Square[292] Approved April 2016
South Quay Plaza 4 192 / 630562024ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[293] Initially rejected 12 May 2016, but granted planning permission in July 2016.
Vauxhall Square North 168 / 55050ResidentialVauxhall / Nine Elms[294][295]
Vauxhall Square South 168 / 55050ResidentialVauxhall / Nine Elms[294][295]
1 Leadenhall Street 165 / 541372024OfficeCity of London[296] Proposed for the City of London. Application submitted August 2016. Approved January 2017.[297]
Ludgate House B 163 / 53549ResidentialSouth BankPart of the Bankside Yards development.[298][299][300][301][302][303][304]
One Thames Quay158 / 518482023ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[305] Also known as 225 Marsh Wall. Building sonsented height of 158m with the taller proposed scheme of 180m rejected by Tower Hamlets Council in July 2022[306]
College Road Tower 150 / 49239ResidentialCroydon[307][308]
Millharbour Village G3 142 / 46645ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[309]
20 Ropemaker Street129 / 423272023OfficeMoorgate[310][311]
Chapter London Bridge 133 / 436392025ResidentialSouthwark[312] Construction of a 39 storey student accomodation tower near London Bridge station. Approved in May 2019, with construction commencing in March 2022. [313][314]
Millharbour Village West G2.1 126 / 41337ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[309]
Consort Place Tower 2 122 / 40034ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUnder construction.[315]
Elephant and Castle Town Centre Tower 1121 / 39732ResidentialElephant & CastleTallest tower of Elephant and Castle Town Centre redevelopment. Application approved June 2021.[316][317]
Sampson House B 120 / 39434ResidentialSouth BankPart of the Bankside Yards development.[298][299][300][302][303]
Elephant and Castle Town Centre Tower 3117 / 38435ResidentialElephant & CastleElephant and Castle Town Centre redevelopment. Application approved June 2021.[316][317]
209 Connington Road Tower 117 / 38434ResidentialLewishamTallest building planned for Lewisham Town Centre.[318][319][320]
Millharbour Village West G2.2 113 / 37135ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[309][321]
Cassini Tower (White City Living) 112 / 36735ResidentialWhite City[322]
Millharbour Village West G4 102 / 33432Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[323]

Approved

This lists buildings that are approved for construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m).

Name Image Height
metres / ft		 Floors Year (est.) Primary Use Location Notes
1 Undershaft 290 / 951732022–2026 OfficeCity of LondonPlanning application submitted in February 2016.[324] Approved November 2016.[325]
100 Leadenhall 249 / 817 56 2026 Office City of London Planning application approved in July 2018.[326]
Riverside South Tower 1 237 / 77845OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[327][328] Build to ground level. On hold.
Spire London235 / 77167ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[329] Replaces two proposals on this site – Columbus Tower and Hertsmere Tower.[330] Application 8 October 2015, approved 2016[331] Currently on hold.[332][333]
Ensign House 224 / 735*562026ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsApproved 17 February 2022.[334]
4 Portal Way Tower 1 203 / 66655ResidentialNorth ActonApproved 20 July 2016[335][336]
40 Charter Street (Wood Wharf E4) 178 / 584512027ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUpdated application approved in February 2022.[337]
Riverside South Tower 2 186 / 61037OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[338][339] Built to ground level. On hold.
Vauxhall Cross Tower 1 185 / 606.953ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsApproved in April 2020[340]
18 Blackfriars Road tower 1 178.5 / 58553ResidentialSouth Bank[341][342][343] Original scheme approved after public inquiry. New scheme proposed 2015. Name change from 20 Blackfriars Road to 18 Blackfriars Road,[344] new proposal 2016.[345] Approved July 2017.[346][347]
Cuba Street 172 / 564522025ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUpdated application approved after initial concerns by the London Fire Brigade suggesting the single staircase serving the upper floors being inadequate during emergency situations.[348] A second staircase was incorporated into the design and approved by Tower Hamlets council in March 2022.[349]
Morello Tower 171 / 56153ResidentialCroydon[350][351] Cherry Orchard Road
Heron Quays West 1 166 / 54539OfficeCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[352][353] 10 Bank Street. Site preparation, construction completion due in 2019.
50 Charter Street Tower 1 (Wood Wharf J3) 161 / 528492025ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUpdated application approved in February 2022.[337]
Wood Wharf B1 160 / 525Canary Wharf / Isle of DogsApplication 19 December 2013. Approved 2014.[189]
13–14 Appold Street 156 / 512452019HotelShoreditch[354] Approved 2015[355]
2–3 Finsbury Avenue Square 156 / 51138OfficeCity of LondonProposed in 2015, slight design changes, resubmitted application in 2016 and approved in December 2021.[356]
Station Road, Ilford. 154/ 505 42 Residential Redbridge Approved in 2019 by Redbridge council.[357][358]
30 Marsh Wall152 / 501472025ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsNew student residential tower. Approved 31 March 2022 [359]
Vauxhall Cross Tower 2 151 / 495.442ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsApproved in April 2020[340]
New Covent Garden Market N10 151 / 49546ResidentialVauxhall / Nine ElmsAs per planning application of 2014.[115]
7 Brannan Street (Wood Wharf F1) 150 / 492502028ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsOutline application for a new student let tower in the new Wood Wharf development area.
1 Merchant Square 150 / 49242ResidentialPaddington[360] Planned to be the tallest building in the City of Westminster. On hold.
Canada Water Building C4 150 / 49240ResidentialCanada Water[361][362][363]
50 Fenchurch Street 150 / 49236OfficeCity of LondonApproved 14 May 2020[364]
Bermondsey Place Building B4 143 / 46944ResidentialSouthwarkFormerly known as Malt Street regeneration.[365] The tower is the tallest of a new cluster of buildings, formed as part of the Old Kent Road regeneration scheme. [366]
Skipton House Tower 1 143 / 46939ResidentialElephant & CastleApproved July 2016[367]
Doon Street Tower 140 / 45943ResidentialSouth Bank[368] On hold.
Stratford Island Tower 1 140 / 45942ResidentialStratford[369][370] Tallest building as part of redevelopment of Stratford Centre. Work expected to begin 2017.
54 Marsh Wall 140 / 45939ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[371] Proposed 2014. New plans submitted and approved January 2017.[372]
Millharbour Village East G1.1 139 / 45645ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[309]
18 Blackfriars Road tower 2 136 / 44632OfficeSouth BankOffice building of new proposal.[341][342][343] Original scheme approved after public inquiry. New scheme proposed 2015. Name change from 20 Blackfriars Road to 18 Blackfriars Road,[344] new proposal 2016.[373][345] Approved July 2017.[346]
Infinity Towers Building B 127 / 40035ResidentialBlackwallTrafalgar Way. Formerly Helix London. On hold.
12–20 Wyvil Road 126 / 413372020ResidentialVauxhall[374][375] Old design Approved.[376] New scheme named Grand South application submitted 2016[377]
Vicarage Field Tower 1 125 / 410*36ResidentialBarking[378] Tallest tower of proposed Vicarage Field development in Barking. Approved 16 January 2017.[379]
4 Portal Way Tower 2 123 / 403.545ResidentialNorth Acton[336]
Elizabeth House 123 / 40329OfficeSouth BankWaterloo
Millharbour Village East G1.3 122 / 40039ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[309][380]
Cherry Park Tower 1 121 / 397*392023ResidentialStratfordTallest building in Cherry Park scheme, Stratford, East London.[381]
Convoys Wharf Tower 1 116 / 38040ResidentialDeptford
South Quay Plaza 2 115 / 37835ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of Dogs[84] Phase one under way.
Ram Quarter Tower 113 / 371 36 Residential Wandsworth Part of the second Phase of the ram brewery development, not started yet.
50 Charter Street Tower 2 (Wood Wharf J1) 112 / 367342025ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsUpdated application approved in February 2022.[337]
Infinity Towers Building A 108 / 34529ResidentialBlackwallTrafalgar Way. Formerly Helix-London. On hold.
207–209 Shoreditch High Street 107 / 35130HotelShoreditch[382]
Westferry Printworks Tower 1 106 / 34829ResidentialCanary Wharf / Isle of DogsApproved in April 2016 after public inquiry.[383] Demolition of current buildings ongoing.[384]
Skipton House Tower 2 106 / 34825ResidentialElephant & CastleApproved July 2016[367]
West End Gate 105 / 34529ResidentialPaddington[385] Approved April 2016. Height reduced from 134 m. Previously known as West End Green.
Enderby Place Tower 1 102 / 33429ResidentialGreenwich

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding a building's expected year of completion has not yet been released.

** Approximate figure.

Proposed

This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m). Once a planning application has been submitted, a decision by the relevant authority may take two or three years.

Name Height
m / ft		 Floors Year (Proposal) Notes
55 Bishopsgate270 / 886*602022Proposal for a new office development in the City of London. [386]
One Lansdowne Road East Tower227 / 745682016Proposal for a mix use development in Croydon. Previous application approved in 2017. Application rejected June 2022[387]
North Quay Tower 1222 / 728672017Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
North Quay Tower 2212 / 696612017Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
North Quay Tower 3203 / 666472017Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
One Park Place199 / 653*602021Application PA/21/02292/A1. New proposal for a 60 storey residential tower in Canary Wharf.[388]
One Portal Way Tower 1196 / 643562021Application 21/0181/OUTOPDC. Also known as One Portal Way Building A.[389] New proposal for a mixed use development comprising of student residence and a hotel in North Acton.[390]
One Portal Way Tower 2186 / 610512021Application 21/0181/OUTOPDC. Also known as One Portal Way Building C.[391] New proposal for a mixed use development comprising of student residence and a hotel in North Acton.[390]
One Portal Way Tower 3182 / 597512021Application 21/0181/OUTOPDC. Also known as One Portal Way Building E.[392] New proposal for a mixed use development comprising of student residence and a hotel in North Acton.[390]
Vauxhall Cross Island 175 / 574* 53 2017
One East Point170 / 558*522021Application PA/21/02373/NC. New proposal for a 52 storey residential tower in Canary Wharf on the site of the former Harbour Exchange Sqare.[393][394]
The Goodsyard Tower 1166 / 545462015Decision on planning delayed in April 2016
Project Skylines160 / 525*482017Tallest of the proposed buildings of scheme on the Isle of Dogs. Application PA/17/01597/A1
Stratford Waterfront Tower 1160 / 525*472016[395] Two towers originally proposed at 47 stories. New plans will reduce height of towers. Part of the Olympic Park development.[396]
Stratford Waterfront Tower 2160 / 525*472016[395] Two towers originally proposed at 47 stories. New plans will reduce height of towers. Part of the Olympic Park development.[396]
Borough Triangle Tower 1158 / 518462022Application 22/AP/3149. Proposal for one of four towers with the tallest two over 100m.[397]
Borough Triangle Tower 2149 / 489422022Application 22/AP/3149. Proposal for one of four towers with the tallest two over 100m.[397]
82 West India Road136 / 446392016[398] Residential tower.
East Village E20 Tower 1135 / 44336
East Village E20 Tower 2135 / 44336
One Lansdowne Road West Tower135 / 444412016Proposal for a mix use development in Croydon. Previous application approved in 2017. Application rejected June 2022[399]
Mondial House120 / 394*352016[400] 102 George Street, Croydon. Recommended for approval.[401] Replaces original proposal of 40 storeys.
Houndsditch Street117 / 384232021Application submitted.[402]
One South Quay116 / 350*352020Application PA/20/02649. Proposal for a mixed used development containing serviced apartments and a hotel. [403]
The Culinary Quarter Tower 1110 / 361*3520162 Portal Way, Acton. Tallest of two towers proposed. Application 165950EIA.[404]
North Quay Tower 4107 / 351302017Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
16–19 Hatfields/1-5 Paris Garden110 / 361242017[405]
East Village E20 Tower 4103 / 33829

* Approximate figure.

Cancelled constructions

This lists proposals for the construction of buildings in London that were planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m), for which planning permission was rejected or which were otherwise withdrawn.

Name Height
m / ft		 Floors* Year' Notes
London Millennium Tower386921996
London Bridge Tower (Old Design)366872000[406]
The Spark Plug (Battersea Eco-tower)300402008[407][408]
The Tulip290 / 951122025Observation tower in the City of London. Approved 2 April 2019; then refused planning permission by Sadiq Khan on 15 July 2019.[409]
Minerva Building246532002
Columbus Tower (London)237652003Proposal replaced by Hertsmere House
Elephant & Castle, Tower 1228552001[410]
One Lansdowne Road Tower 1224 / 735692016[411][412] Approved 2012. Received funding in November 2015.[413] New plans submitted 2016,[414] rejected in 2016.[415]
6–8 & 22–24 Bishopsgate Redevelopment (Original Design)216502002[416]
New London Bridge House Redevelopment211502004[417]
Stratford City Tower21050[418]
Citypoint (Santiago Calatrava)203271997[419]
Ropemaker Place Tower200382001[420]
Elephant & Castle, Tower 2182352001[421]
King's Cross Towers 1 & 2180441987[422][423]
Ruskin Square Building159 / 52226[424] Aka Croydon Gateway.
The Blade, Paddington15044[425][426]
Skylines Village Block B1148 / 486452012Application 7 March 2012. Rejected 2013[427]
20 Blackfriars Road tower 1148 / 486432016Residential tower, replaced by 18 Blackfriars Road scheme[428]
Ram Brewery Tower 1, Wandsworth145 / 476422008[429][430] Rejected
The Leaf Block F, Ealing13849[431]
Victoria Interchange Buildings 2 & 713442[432][433]
Croydon Vocational Tower134 / 44029[434]
70–100 City Road Block A131 / 430392008[435]
One Lansdowne Road Tower 2129 / 423392016[411][412] Approved 2012. Received funding in November 2015.[413] New plans submitted 2016,[414] rejected in 2016.[415]
Clapham Junction Towers 1 & 2127 / 417402008[436][437]
Bishops Place Building 1126 / 414322006[123][438]
31 London Street125 / 410352015[439][440] The 'Paddington Pole'. Height was reduced from 254 m (833 ft). Replaced by a new design.
Chiswick Curve120 / 394322015[441] Rejected January 2017.[442] Application submitted. Replaced two cancelled schemes – Octopus & Gateway Tower.
Meridian Tower, Greenwich118 / 38732Greenwich Peninsula[443]
St. John's Tower, Stratford116 / 38130[444]
1 Crown Place, Hackney114 / 365242009[445] Application withdrawn
Brickfields Tower108 / 355302013Planned for White City.[446] Cancelled after Imperial College purchased site.[447]
Walbrook Square Building 1107 / 351222006[448] Redesigned
20 Blackfriars Road tower 2105 / 344232016Office tower, replaced by 18 Blackfriars Road scheme[428]
Trinity Building 3100 / 328252008[449] Existing building to be refurbished
4–5 South Quay Square100 / 328302006[450] Application withdrawn

Demolished buildings

This lists all demolished buildings in London that stood at least 328 feet (100 m) tall.

Name Image Height
m / ft		 Floors Year built Year demolished Notes
Drapers' Gardens100 / 3283019672007Designed by Richard Seifert, replaced by building 74 metres (243 ft) tall.
Southwark Towers100 / 3282519762009Replaced by The Shard.

Visions of skyscrapers
Name Height
metres		 Floors Year Notes
Mile High Eco Tower15005002007[451][452]
European Trade Centre Tower 15001112019
Citygate Ecotower4851082002[453]
Mallory Clifford Project4701001998[454] Aka Southwark Tower
Green Bird442831990[455]
Wembley Park Tower3531890[456]
Aldegate Tower325851989[457]
Glass Tower304801852[458]
Oakwood Tower300802016[459] Made of wood, designed by PLP Architecture and Cambridge University for the City of London.
Vortex Tower300702004[460]
The Three Spires253642009[461] Three towers, the tallest of which was 253 m (830 ft)
Credit Suisse First Boston Building250501989[462]
Glengall View Place230542006[463][464] Greenwich View Place
European Trade Centre Tower 2230532019
European Trade Centre Tower 3230532019
European Trade Centre Tower 4230532019
European Trade Centre Tower 5230532019
Cricklewood Tower21647[465][466]
80 & 88–104 Bishopsgate Redevelopment21450[467]
Folgate Street (Project Cosmos)50[468]
Skyhouse16850[469][470] Originally 305m
Royal Courts of Justice165*1865[471]
Corporation of London Tower150*1944

* Estimated height.

Timeline of tallest buildings and structures
The White Tower stood as the tallest structure in London from 1098 until 1310.

This lists free-standing structures that have at some point held the title of tallest structure in London.

Name Image Location Years as tallest Height
m / ft		 Floors Reference
White Tower Tower Hill1098–1310 (212 years)01.027 / 9003.0N/A[472]
Old St Paul's Cathedral[A] City of London1310–1666 (356 years)07.0150 / 493[B]08.0N/A[473]
Southwark Cathedral Southwark1666–1677 (11 years)02.050 / 16304.0N/A[474]
Monument to the Great Fire of London City of London1677–1683 (6 years)03.062 / 20205.0N/A[475]
St Mary-le-Bow City of London1683–1710 (27 years)04.072 / 23606.0N/A[476]
St Paul's Cathedral City of London1710–1939 (229 years)05.0111 / 36507.0N/A[255]
Battersea Power Station[C] Kirtling Street1939–1950 (11 years)06.0113 / 37001.010[250]
Crystal Palace transmitting station[D] Crystal Palace Park1950–1991 (41 years)08.0219 / 72009.0N/A[83]
One Canada Square Canary Wharf1991–2010 (19 years)09.0236 / 77102.050[477]
The Shard Southwark2010–present (12 years)310 / 101687[478]

See also

Notes

Footnotes
A.^ This structure was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666, allowing a shorter structure to become the tallest in the city.[479]
B.^ The exact height of the Old St. Paul's Cathedral remains unknown. Heights ranging between 140 metres (460 ft) and 150 metres (490 ft) have all been reported.[479] The spire was destroyed by fire in 1561.
C.^ If counting the tallest habitable floors in buildings, then the record would be held between 1961 and 1962 by the Shell Centre, at 107 metres (351 ft) and having 26 floors; and before it by the Victoria Tower at 98.5 metres (323 ft), completed in 1858 and having 14 floors.[480][481]
D.^ If the Crystal Palace Transmitter is excluded as a "building", then the record was held by the "Post Office Tower" (later The British Telecom Tower) from 1962 to 1980, at a height excluding antenna of 177 metres (581 ft) and containing 34 floors, and from 1980 to 1991 by Tower 42 at 183 metres (600 ft).

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